《不死不灭》
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洛阳，一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城，是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世，被世人誉为“千年帝都，牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里，我独行洛阳，去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚，乘坐K419次列车，经过6个半小时的车程，与次日清晨558，我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课，车到洛阳站后，出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交，上车直达龙门石窟。 龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙，伊水从中流过，看上去宛若门厥，所以又被称为“伊厥”，唐代以后，多称其为“龙门”。 这里地处交通要冲，山清水秀，气候宜人，是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良，宜于雕刻，所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。 龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。 两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。 龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。 石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时（公元471～477年），历经400余年才建成，迄今已有1500年的历史，龙门石窟南北长约1公里，现存石窟1300多个，窟龛2345个，记和碑刻3600余品，佛塔50余座，佛像97000余尊。 最大的佛像高达17.14米，最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期（公元386～512年）的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成，是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像，面部清秀，神情自然，堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子，二菩萨，菩萨像含笑凝眸，温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨，弟子听法的浮雕像，栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期，是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年，历时24年，用工达80万2366个，后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因，计划中的三所洞窟（宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞）仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞，南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面，穹窿顶，中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖，莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬，迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围，姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材，即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人，原名叫乔达摩·悉达多，原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代，比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行，经过六年，悟道成佛，创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美，所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦，脖颈细长，体态修长。衣纹密集，雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策，所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟，而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑，文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺，都是一佛、二菩萨，着褒衣博带袈裟，立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧，自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕，叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图，它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动，刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境，造型准确，制作精美，代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平，具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是，在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了，现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟，有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像，手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌，在提醒大家保护文物，还是想说点什么？有网友评论：四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见，知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。 《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称"褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。 这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙，故古称“伊阙”，隋唐以后，习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文，谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行，满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿，太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位，李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德，实有获得太宗好感，为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑，到了唐代李泰为节省费用，竟就势磨去原有碑文，又重新雕刻成唐碑的。 关于该碑的记载，始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者，字体清秀端庄，宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑，实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同，都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同，一个是光平如镜，而另一个则是凹凸不平，书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是，摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢，于是便在气势上极力铺张，字形比碑志大得多，舒卷自如，开张跌宕。正是在这一点上，像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》，它们气度之开张，韵致之飞扬，自然拙朴，即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟，褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》，正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳，拓工精致、字口如新；比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字，曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏，现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。 魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞，500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟，石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上，还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山，古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造，表现出列多的中国艺术形式，大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像，人物面部含着微笑，龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此，它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。 只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多，绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([]
最新章节： 第521章 沉睡魔咒2 （ 2025-06-19 21:19:24）
更新时间： 2025-06-19 16:58:07
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B.古城的各个出口有很多小面包车，去景点可以约几个人一起租。上车后司机大都会落力地向你加推其它景点，当然去与不去全在于你哦。 丽江有四个客运站，到不同的地方发车地点也不相同： 丽江客运总站0888-5121622 丽江旅游高快客运站0888-5121786 丽江客运站站电话0888-122536 丽江古路湾客运站0888--5122929 宁蒗汽车站0888-5521505 中甸客运站电话：0887-223501 丽江汽车客运站：位于丽江三家村南部（新客运站），以前的客运站已废弃停用。 公交车现在丽江也较方便，几乎是四通八达。 古城门口玉河广场右边路的对过和利客隆超市的门口有搭去龙泉寺的客货小巴和到束和古镇,大约十五分钟,菜场还有到拉市海的小巴车。 客运站和大旅游公司有到泸沽湖、香格里拉等地的客车及旅游车。一般8.30-9点发车.6个多小时到宁蒗,乘落水人的中巴(20元),两小时到泸沽湖或者乘到永宁的中巴,当中经过落水村和里格村 .旅游车可直接到落水或里格。 旅游公司到香格里拉的旅游车带有旅游线路，可免费送到景点。 丽江客运站有900出发的丽江-白水台的车, 13：00有白水台-中甸的班车。 （待续） ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------丽江古城旅友的驿站！我家照片及丽江风光图片网址：https//lyq676.51.com丽江古城玉河广场一角水磨坊古城之夜水的丽江古商铺丽江古城中心地图快进古城啦世界文化遗产志水的丽江-2晨曦中的东大街晨曦中的小巷水的丽江-3夜晚的狮子山晨曦中的东大街-2古城口的大水车[ ]丽 江 至 各 地 长 途 汽 车 时 刻 表 ： （仅供参考,如有变动以客运站的为准） 丽江—昆明 820 920 1020 1120 等（上午与晚间的车多、下午车较少）长途客运站 179—193元（按车的类型）。 丽江—昆明(卧) 1830 1900 1930、2000 2030 2040 等（一般是晚间） 客运站 143-166元 丽江—昆明 830 900 1030 等(省旅高快) 高快客运站站 179-193元 丽江—大理 830 900 1030(高快) 高快客运站站 50元 丽江—大理 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旅游散客公司到香格里拉、泸沽湖的旅游专线车带有旅游线路，可免费送到景点。 目的地 里程 车型 发车时间 票价 ： 昆明 517公里 卧铺 ：8、00-14、00. 18：30 - 21、00.143-163元 大约8-9小时到 丽江。 昆明 同上 高快客运站 8：30 9：30 10：30 11：30 及部分下午的班车。179-193元. 8个小时左右到丽江。 宁蒗 218公里 一般是中巴 9：00 等。58-68元（按车型） 一般要6个多小时。 中旬 178公里 中巴 8：30 13：00等。57-70元 （按车型） 一般4-5个小时 到达。 虎跳峡 89公里 从中旬到桥头下 23.5元 2.5小时 大具 90公里 中巴 13：00 23.5元 3小时 云杉坪 33公里 中巴 10.5元 1小时 甘海子 29公里 中巴 10.5元 一般一小时。 攀枝花 305公里 中巴、48-80元。10小时 发车时间 7：45 17：00 18：00 14：00 等等。 做飞机的驴友，可乘民航大巴（15元\人）到终点站蓝天宾馆下车。然后打车（7元）到古城口（百货大楼）下车即入古城。晚间19点--0点古城口（百货大楼）禁止停车，你可以打车到古城停车场的出口下车，向里走经玉河广场走到头左拐（东大街）既入古城。只是多走了一段路。 （待续）[ ]古城口的大水车狮子山坡秋的丽江秋的丽江-2秋的丽江[ ]由于到丽江的铁路将在2008年通车，所以，现在来丽江现有二种途径： 一种是： 长途汽车，一般游客都从昆明、大理或攀枝花方向到丽江的。 昆明的几个长途客运站都有到丽江的班车，白天班车的票价是143—193元不等（）按车型。晚上的卧铺车票在143—163元多不等，车程都要8-9个小时； 大理下关或大理古城到丽江的班车很多，票价在40—60元不等（按车型），车程需要3、5小时； 攀枝花到丽江也有白天和晚上的班车，票价在60—90元不等，车程需要7、8个小时。 到达丽江的长途汽车站有四个地方： 一，丽江新客运站，丽江三家村附近，到古城口还要乘11路公共汽车到百货大楼下车，或打车一个起步费7元钱也是到百货大楼下车； 二，省旅高快客汽车站，在长水路，到古城口也要乘1路公共汽车5站路，或打车一个起步费7元钱； 三，丽江高快客汽车站，在香格里拉大道，到古城口也要打车一个起步费7元钱； 四，玉河走廊停车场，原古路湾汽车站，玉缘桥旁，出车站过马路不远就是古城，如果你的行李不多的话，不消七八分钟就到古城口大水车旁了。 二种是： 飞机到丽江，根据淡旺季，每天有十几到三十几班飞机来回于昆明、北京、上海、广州、成都、重庆、深圳和版纳等城市。 但丽江机场离开丽江市区还有27公里，你可以乘坐民航机场大巴来丽江，也可以打车半个多小时到古城。 机场大巴就在机场出口的左边，15元/人，约四十分钟送到市区终点站香格里拉大道上的民航售票处（蓝天宾馆），但离开古城还有一段的路程，你可以徒步（沿福惠路至新大街左拐50米对过既是古城口）或是打车，打车一个起步费7元钱即到古城口（百货大楼）； 如果下了飞机直接打车到古城口，一般车费是90元（晚间也可能是100元）。 因为整个丽江古城都是步行街，所以，不管你打车到古城口（百货大楼）下车，或者徒步到古城大水车处，都可以经东大街（大水车右拐第一条最宽的大街）直接走到四方街。（待续） 午后的酒吧街（洋人街）东大街溪水里的鱼儿们狮子山坡望古城大水车水的丽江[ ]清晨的东大街清晨的东大街-2清晨的东大街-3东大街的早晨东大街的早晨-2[ ]丽江城市主要公路公交线路简介 ：一路：百货大楼——行署——丽江宾馆——县政府——民航站——丽江卫校——慧通商场——西安街中段——西安街南段——八中——地区运管处——丽江总站——客运站——公路总段——百货大楼二路：客运站——公路总段——百货大楼——玉河市场——县一中——林业工程公司 三路：地区中学——机床厂——毛纺厂——三家村——军分区——客运站——公路总段——百货大楼——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——古路湾——象山东路——清溪水库——黑白水林业局四路：百货大楼——公路总段——客运站——军分区——三家村——南口木综厂五路：丽江——拉市（暂停） 六路：百货大楼——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——古路湾——象山东路——白沙街（暂停）七路：百货大楼——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——云杉坪 八路：百货大楼——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——古路湾——象山东路——雪山中路——中级法院——民航站——金甲市场——长水路——丽江总站——客运站——公路总段——百货大楼九路：县政府——行署——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——象山东路——象山西路——自来水厂——新安街北段——慧通公司——丽江卫校——民航站——县政府十一路：客运站-----三家村转盘——忠义市场——长水路——丽江总站——七星街东门——百货大楼——行署——丽江宾馆——区政府——香格里拉大道——香格里拉大道延伸线——世界遗产公园——旅游文化学院转盘呵呵，更正！我拉写了个2、请原谅！到大具是私人客车，票价不是很稳、正常价格是23、5元。恕罪东大街溪水里的鱼儿们遥望玉龙雪山遥望玉龙雪山-2黑龙潭的南门东巴象形文字猜字壁[ ]很有特色的农行很有特色的农行-2东大街上的建行夜晚的四方街深夜的东大街[ ]吃 与 酒 吧 ：丽江吃的地方很多，古城新城到处都是。大饭店大多在新城。新城中、小饭店大多集中在七星街，全国各地的风味饭店都有。古城吃的价格要比新城贵！要想吃的便宜或吃风味小吃可到各农贸市场去吃，新大街的（百信商场、七星街附近）华都商贸城里面也有很多的各地小吃，营业到夜里两点多，很不错，很有风味！ 到丽江我认为有两种东东要吃： 一是黑山羊火锅，很不错！地点在老客运站东部，做一路车或打车都知道地方。 二是腊排骨火锅，50元一锅，两个人都吃不了，味道很独特。大多集中在象山市场，九路车或打车都可以去。丽江的酒吧在全国是很有名的，圣诞节和情人节时有很多人乘飞机到丽江就为了过一个节日！酒吧大多集中在酒吧一条街（东大街的上部）、以前也叫洋人街（因老外太多而得此名）。酒吧一家挨一家，一直延续到四方街，每晚对歌阵阵酒吧内人声鼎沸，甚是“壮观”，可算是丽江“一景”！再就是在新义街的酒吧（东大街毗邻），装修很有风格。小巷内有不少酒吧是老外开设，风格很独特雅致！属于静吧型。深夜的东大街-2深夜的东大街-3深夜的东大街-4深夜的东大街-5深夜的东大街-6[ ]街边的兰花别致的餐吧夜晚的酒吧街（洋人街）夜晚的东大街口夜晚的四方街[ ]纳西木刻纳西木刻-2纳西木刻-3打跳打跳-2[ ]古城里的餐馆木府旁一角古商号-仁和昌纳西木刻忙碌的餐馆[ ]好好学习、天天向上水的丽江水的丽江-2[ ]悠闲地游客悠闲地游客-2[ ]古居[ ]古城里的大石桥打跳去打跳去-2[ 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玉龙雪山——甘海子——白水河——玉水寨——东巴神园——玉峰寺——云杉坪——玉柱擎天。 如果时间充足，建议从玉龙雪山的另条路骑马游玉龙雪山（正规的马帮有两个），这样即经济，又自由。但景点和索道的完全不一样。索道加门票320元。骑马220-360元（还能免费1-2个景点）。 徒步虎跳峡简介 这是目前国际上最热的徒步线路之一。 第一天：在去虎跳峡镇的路上可以途中游览万里长江第一湾和石鼓镇。 徒步的起点是虎跳峡镇（桥头），日出即出发，大约2个小时左右可 以到达纳西雅阁（NaXi Family）。出了纳西雅阁，就是闻名的28道 拐了。 此时全是上坡，坡陡、弯路。顶峰海拔有2700多米。可以看 到玉龙雪山13峰。晚上可住宿在茶马客栈（Tea Horse G•H）。体力 好的旅友可以继续往前再走一段，住在更好的地方——Half Way （中途客栈）， 第二天：早起出中途客栈，过了五指山和观音瀑布，到达张老师客栈。午饭 后，徒步峡底。 一路上全是下坡。过了小木桥，到了听涛渡。听涛 渡建于中虎跳峡缓地，共有3个房间，一间是这里的主人住，另外两 间就是客房了。这里是看中虎跳峡最近、也是最好的位置啦。观后 要从峡底往上走，除了山路就是天梯，很耗体力的。走上公路后， 可以等待拦车，穿过核桃园，到新（或老）渡口下车，然后乘船摆 渡到金沙江对岸。再走半小时左右，就到了终点——大具客栈。 （在本贴的后部，将有最新的关于丽江旅游的详细资料） （待续）([]
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黄秀辉（作者：零红蝶）注：本帖绝大多数照片来自领队零红蝶，部分来自懒惰的骆驼、哈密斑马、北京老布。谨以此贴，献给第一次去新疆的自己。终于我也站在了曾经魂牵梦萦的那座雪山的前面。记得是去年的端午假期结束以后，偶然在坛子里看到了史版主发的一张雪山前面站着十几个人的照片，虽说雪山也不是第一次见，好片片不会拍但也见过不少，却着实让那张照片震撼了一下，说不上来什么感觉。只是默默决定了一定要去那个地方。当无数人都痴迷于7+2的时候，我依然热衷于我的徒步事业。我喜欢徒步（请允许我为自己的贫穷找个借口O(∩_∩)O~）不是才女果然是亚历山大，虽满怀兴致的想写点什么记录曾经美好的回忆，但敲动键盘的那一刻，却真心不知道该写些什么了。既是随性的人，那就随便写吧。 关于博格达想必大家已经很熟悉，此地仅引用红姨之简介，简单一科普。 在乌鲁木齐，天气晴好时抬头就能看见巍峨于东方的博格达峰。其海拔5445米，坐落在东经88.3度，北纬43.8度，属阜康境内。 在天山的诸多主峰之中，博格达并非最高，其海拔高度也仅能排名第三，然而它的名气却远在诸峰之上。博格达峰长期以来，在西部各民族的心目中，博格达是最富有神性的山峰，它一直被人们视为神灵之宅、紫气之源而加以膜拜。博格达一词就是出自蒙语，“神之居所”之意，一说为“香雪海”之意。 博格达山和它的母体天山一样，是世界上最年轻的山脉之一，它在三亿年前的造山运时于海水中初露头角，及至六七万年前的喜马拉雅造山运动时才脱颖而出。博格达山主峰在天池南侧，其上三峰并立，成“山”字形，中峰略高，海拨5445米，东峰海拨5287米。远望三峰，屹立在一片茫茫雪海之上，就像三个擎天捧日的巨人，英武神勇，让人感慨万千。 博格达以奇为著，以险为绝，三峰昂天挺立，银装素裹，神峻异常。三峰之下更是千峰竞秀，万壑流芳，博格达峰景色迷人。目力所及，遍是原始森林和山甸草原，葱笼青翠，风光如画。登博格达山，最让你赏心悦目的是，能在一日之内可见到四季之景。适逢七八月间，谷底正值盛夏，遍地山花怒放，香气盈野，但多少有点暑气燎人之感；待你登至半山，暑气顿消，便觉春意盎然，遍地绿草如茵，如锦似毯，一切生命都迸发着勃勃微生机；再往上登，就渐感凉意袭人，草地也不似先前翠绿，而开始变得枯黄，给人一种秋天的感觉；及至到了雪线，便觉寒气逼人，举目望去一片银白，雪光刺得你目不忍睁。这雪线附近，按说应是生命的禁区，可是在这里却生长着许多奇异的雪山花卉，如雪莲、野罂粟、翠雀、金莲、金娇、百里香、梅花草等十几种，它们的种子可在零度发芽，幼苗可经受零下30摄氏度的严寒。虽然它们每年仅有两个月的生长期。但它们依然用一生的热情催放出艳丽的花朵，来装点寂寞的雪域，这真可谓生命的奇迹 博格达峰海拔高度虽然并不惊人，但登山难度绝非寻常。在主峰的东西，分别排列着7座5000米以上的高峰。博格达峰山体陡峭，西坡与南坡坡度达70—80度，只有东北坡坡度稍缓，因此，该峰虽然在1980年以前就有英国和前苏联登山队前来攀登，但直到1981年6月9日，才由日本京都队11人开创登顶纪录。博格达峰是由3个峰尖紧依并立而成，终年冰雪皑皑，世称“雪海"。登山大本营建在博格达峰的脚下海拔3580米处，三位香港登山者和日本登山者白水小姐的墓就在这里。以上简介摘自红姨https//bbs.8264.com/forum-viewthread-tid-1643727-extra--authorid-16720203-page-1.html火星大大说，我们穿红色的都站一起，亮瞎你们的眼O(∩_∩)O哈哈~博格达雪山下的精灵们~（作者：零红蝶） 红姨说这是一个经常出大片的地方，骚爹说的对极了，是谁说的拍合照就要站的整整齐齐的呢？(作者：零红蝶） 碎石达坂翻越途中的小憩。虽然大风呼呼滴刮，却一点也不影响臭美的心情。猛犸象、始祖鸟的，各种亮骚。（作者：零红蝶） 下简单达坂处，夏天哥到达简单达坂第一件事就是跟骚爹一起给在另一个世界守护深夜在线福利视频的简单带去了问候。“简单，深夜在线福利视频来看你了”简单达坂的命名来源于一个叫简单的户外人，因病不幸早逝。希望在另一个世界一切安好---致简单。 如帖子开头所讲，这几年溜溜达达的也走过了一些地方，但是新疆，确确实实是第一次。虽因史版主知道了五峰连穿这条线路，但终应感谢的是一个叫“零红蝶”的神奇领队。关于博格达五峰连穿线路的攻略版，零红蝶在去年已经发过一个非常全面的帖子，此贴不再详述，因为楼主本人基本是个路痴，辨不清方向，弄不明地点的。链接附上，有需要的朋友可以参考零红蝶的帖子。https//bbs.8264.com/forum-viewthread-tid-1643727-extra--authorid-16720203-page-21.html个人认为，一次活动成功与否，领队真的是特别特别的重要。人虽然吊儿郎当，但是选择领队方面我算是比较慎重的了。路痴各种伤不起，坚决要跟对人再走。也提醒其他的户外活动爱好者，户外出行，安全第一。开开心心去，健健康康回。此处非广告，只想把好的领队推荐给大家。零红蝶绝对值得信赖，选择他包你不后悔。自己讲完了有种搞传销的赶脚。零红蝶这个人，想用一个词概括他，简直太难太难了，他所拥有的知识岂是深夜在线福利视频想象所能及的.......他从来都是在路上等别人女朋友的......关于零红蝶，还是先看专述吧，如下：【活动领队】： 零红蝶 小羊军团领队培训班GPS讲师 小羊军团认证领队 新疆登协认证领队 新疆山友救援队搜救组组长 国家一级社会体育指导员 新疆志愿者协会成员 新疆红十字会救援队成员 2009年第2届新疆户外产业年会突出贡献奖——最佳线路开拓奖 （双湖-宰尔德回环线路设计及推广） 2014年第3届新疆户外产业年会突出贡献奖——最佳线路开拓奖 （铁湖4040、博格达五峰连穿、博格达大环线等线路设计及推广） 2009-2013连续五年被评为优秀领队。 联系方式：13999931911 探险之地群：154795104【关于行程相关安全问，请参考本人简历】： 领队职责第一条：保证户外活动参与者的安全并实现活动目。 2011年带队创造历史最多人数穿越狼塔C线记录。 2012年带队创造历史最多人数穿越恰西——库尔德宁记录。 2012年带队创造历史最多人数穿越五峰连穿记录。 2013年带队创造历史最多人数穿越车师古道记录。 2013年带队创造历史最多人数穿越乌孙古道记录。 2013年博格达大环线首发完成，开拓新疆第四条超长距离经典线路。 ^@^零红蝶就在端午节博格达五峰32人穿越完成以后，时隔两天又于2014年6月4日，带领39人的大队伍完成了一次腐败的孟克特古道徒步穿越。 零红蝶，绰号：红姨、小红、勺子、零蝴蝶等，以下文字我记得百合丽丽曾经引用过，就是跟虽零红蝶走五峰的另一个才子编撰的，我也忍不住不引用他的话。忒应景。" 坊间记载：零红蝶者，奇人也，脸黑、人瘦，臭屁，喜红衣，好女装，上知天文地理，下懂洗菜煮米，文能识图，武能下厨。携一众疯男癫女，奔走山莽之间，夜宿旷野之下。日行百里不露疲态，帐混数女不越雷池。此君年轻时头顶重发，神似马云，这两年不管脸型还是性格都渐向冯远征的方向一路狂奔去矣。零蝴蝶说，8月博格达五峰连穿，会彻底颠覆你对传统徒步的理解。";以上文字引自猪猡冀二师兄五峰连穿链接：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1874505-1-1.html 红姨是个巨幽默的人，经常也会很萌，用他的话说，他有一颗年轻的心。他一路经常跟深夜在线福利视频讲，别的都好说都好商量，但是在他那里，安全问绝对是没得商量的。如果你被训了，请不要伤心，疼你才会训你哈哈，恨铁不成钢啊。脾气很大，但是非常负责任也很细心。每次走到危险或者难走的路段，都会自己确认安全没问以后才小心翼翼的让深夜在线福利视频通过。每次活动走完分别的时候，据说还会抹眼泪呢。dao嘴豆腐心撒。粉丝群跨度大约在5岁-65岁。 一身的大鸟，数钱的时候老开心了呢~ 萌红姨，萌呆了，爽歪歪了啊~ 曾经在一些跟红姨走过的朋友的贴子里会看到有人问怎么找红姨，怎么跟他的队伍，红姨（零红蝶）有一个群，叫做探险之地，对线路有兴趣想跟红姨队伍的朋友可以先加群，做一下了解。探险之地群号：154795104 此次新疆之行，去年端午就定了，本年度所有的活动都在为端午让路，平时都不敢请假的。就在去之前，新疆接二连三的发生了几次影响不太好的事件，好多人都在问我，你怎么还去新疆？也许是我想的比较开，呆在哪里都有不安全的因素，人命天定，强求不得。所以几乎对我没什么影响。悲催的竟然在出发的十几天前把膝盖给摔了。无所不用其极的想办法恢复，差点都忧郁了。大美新疆，膝盖也不管了，走起啊O(∩_∩)O哈哈~领队决定你行程的大方向，队友则是决定你此次行程HAPPY与否的关键因素。记忆会随着时间的流逝慢慢消失，而友谊却是地久天长，历久弥香。此行一起欢乐多的我的小伙伴们闪亮登场喽！（排名不分先后撒）夏天哥，特别能给人踏实感的一个人，睿智，细心，脾气好，厨艺好。钻石级的人物。把自己家做成了咱们驴友去新疆的接待站，给大家提供方便的同时，每次出去给大家拍照拍视频，留下美好的回忆。这次去博格达穿越，愣是带了毛血旺上去的。以下便是夏天哥制作的这次博格达五峰连穿的视频链接。https//v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNzI1MTIwNjI4.html?from=y1.2-1-98.3.2-2.1-1-1-1&qq-pf-to=pcqq.group夏天哥家的驴友录、照片墙。每位跟红姨走的朋友，有缘来到夏天哥家的，都会有一张无敌兔的速拍照留念。这几张片子手机拍摄。 火星，一身骚橘红，领队，超级能背，人很幽默，山东滨州老乡。一路协调照顾队伍，也是个细心的老爷们，只替大家背，替大家做好吃的，自己不吃。有老乡在，此次新疆很暖心。废话不多说，都在心里了。 好人，哈密的大哥，人如其名，非常非常实在非常好。一个人做六个人的饭，红姨的协作。一路跑前结组探路，喜欢喝酒，每次去新疆都住VIP套房，哈哈。偶尔还很冷幽默。 孤月苍狼，又名苍老师，来自阿勒泰的大帅哥，做玉石生意。五峰估计这是第三次走了，博格达大环线第一批队员之一。帮大家拍拍片子协调队伍。带了好多白酒上博格达，跟深夜在线福利视频讲，下次要再带多一点^_^。救援队中登协等各种头衔。 不离不弃，山东人，大帅哥。体力好，细心，忠厚，还很浪漫呢。红姨的主力协作，非常务实踏实的小伙子。有不弃收队，红姨很放心。大家都喜欢不弃，可惜前几日一顿饭的功夫，被荨麻草给收了，哈哈!不弃啊，别拍了，再拍媳妇木有了......... 懒惰的骆驼，广州人，大金链子，大手钏子，进口海鲜的代言人。活动前几天，说走就飞到了乌鲁木齐。潇洒哥啊。红姨的协作之一，差点把半个超市背上博格达。很好的哥们。孟克特出山后发微信，连着十几条据说把手机发崩溃了。打伞走博格达的艺术家~ 找北，在新疆的广州人，大帅哥啊，人很好，心细会照顾人，特别不抗冻，性子不紧不慢的。还记得不好意思混饭的时候找北哥跟夏天哥说小培过来一起吃吧。北哥记得下次多穿点啊哈哈！又一个打伞走博格达的青年 飞扬夜猫，广西人，每年几次长线，走过C+V线，超级低调。低调到差点都连他会做饭都不知道。走完五峰又连走了孟克特古道穿越。体力罡罡的。 二月，哈密姑娘，要知道博格达那么厉害的紫外线下能看到个大白脸是有多么的不容易，大家都包的像阿富汗妇女。大美女，漂亮照片太多，一路没有多少机会一起走，等下次哈！ 拖鞋妹，20岁，小美女，体力很棒，走的很快，曾经在前队结组先行，能喝酒，厨艺很棒。 蓝城，东北人，为了媳妇不久前去了新疆，细心，疼老婆啊，天天那个电话打得啊。烧烤手艺一流，帮助照顾队伍很是辛苦。胆大心细的帅老爷们，好哥们！ 千寻，88年的小姑娘，红姨的美女协作，体力很棒可以背75的大包，走的还特快。镜头感很强的美美的拍了一路。她一路都在采访深夜在线福利视频外地人怎么想到去新疆的。未解之谜。 天空&无言无语绿色衣服的天空姐，感觉有点内向，临时决定走五峰，走的一点也不慢喔。白色上衣的无言无语，老好玩了，花椒、大蒜、火腿、等等带了一大堆东西，都下山了还没吃完。幽默又随和的福建姑娘，喜欢！ 毛头，哈密人，穿的也很亮骚啊，据说以前体力实在一般，自从跟了红姨走了几次，都混成协作了，这次不仅结组先行，还连穿了孟克特古道，月底还要环博格达转山。我勒个去，哥，走劈叉了以后这么快蜕变的秘诀是啥子呢？ 昨日重现，细心，沉稳，的大厨。不知道该用低调还是闷骚来形容这哥们。柴米油盐酱醋的全都带上了，还自己做了美味的臊子带去了山上。此行很感谢的哥们。 光头强&北地想想男的光头强，传奇人物啊，第一次跟着大树五河，据说把最后实在走不动了把睡袋冲锋衣全扔了。这次表现非常棒，明显上瘾的节奏。新买的睡袋貌似不便宜，这次没有扔。女生北地想想，想想是此次新疆行唯一一个见过的好朋友。一起走过南太行，淡定，低调，有才，细心，厨艺了得。走的巨快，连红姨都怕想想跟着他。几乎走过各种线路。很棒的姑娘。 比较烦，人如其名，貌似很多烦心事。当大家围坐一起吹牛扯蛋蛋的时候，总是自己坐一边沉思。出山下绝望坡以后，河滩边大家午饭时间，当大家奶茶咖啡大蒜肠的时候，他却只干了一件事，刷牙洗白白~忙的不亦乐乎。 荨麻草，温柔、美丽、大方、坚强、幸福的小女人。于前几日成功将香饽饽不离不弃收入囊中。小两口一路羡煞旁人~ 斑马，哈密人，跟他一比我就是非洲来的。热心给大家拍照片，性格很好的小伙子，貌似第一次走长线啊，表现不错。帅帅的！大雪纷飞([]
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王淑慧终于下决心开贴了，这次旅行回来已经一年多了，最近事情比较多，自己也对码字很头疼，今天浏览一番去年的旅游照片，再不写点东西，有些事情的细节可能就会遗忘了。 喜欢旅游的人，对欧洲是很向往的，10多年之前已经去过二次，一次是单位的福利，走马观花的15天10多个国家，稀里糊涂的就结束了旅行。第二次是陪老妈跟旅行团去的，摆脱不了上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景区拍照，回来啥也不知道的结局。现在岁数大了，有时间国内国外的到处走走看看，这几年也走过不少地方，感觉欧洲还是值得再次深度旅游。 要想玩的好，那绝对不能跟旅游团，自己去的话，行程安排就是个头疼的事情，欧洲那么大，几乎每个角落都有可看可玩的地方，放弃任何地方都是可惜的事，一次玩遍欧洲的话，是件很费力的大事。对着地图研究了很长时间，分两次玩遍欧洲是最好的选择，一次是从最南边的土耳其开始，一路北下，贯穿欧洲到最北边的北极圈。一次是以欧洲中部为主由东到西的环游，每次时间计划在60天左右。 游遍欧洲的旅游计划行程确定好了，让老婆选择先行路线，最后确定先走环游欧洲路线，交通工具是在德国法兰克福租车自驾。 路线确定下来，下面就是证买机票订旅店和租车，这些事情，有很多贴写的很详细，我就不再啰嗦，值得重点说的是，深夜在线福利视频去欧洲的机票是北京经俄罗斯中转到法兰克福，已经到了俄罗斯了，为何不办一个俄罗斯过境，顺道去俄罗斯玩一次。申请德证完成后，又成功申请了俄罗斯二次过境证，每次不超过72小时。最后的行程是这样的： 北京出发,法兰克福进出，飞机在莫斯科经停,顺路先去俄罗斯的圣彼得堡.然后到德国的法兰克福,在法兰克福租车，先去海德堡,维尔茨堡，走一段古堡之路，主要游览德国南部众多的古堡和小镇。随后到达布拉格，游玩东欧匈牙利,捷克,斯洛伐克三国。后进奥地利维也纳。再反走阿尔卑斯之路，沿途欣赏色彩浓郁的阿尔卑斯山风光,在起伏平缓的丘陵地带，峻峭的山峰、绿色的森林、古老的乡村、浪漫的山谷,还有迷人的”世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特.随后再次进入德国，重温有浓郁色彩的德国小镇和德国巴伐利亚国王的几个皇宫。国王湖和天鹅堡是重点.紧接着就是期盼的瑞士风光，苏黎世进入瑞士，日内瓦出瑞士进入法国，去法国西南部的普罗旺斯看薰衣草，而后去法国著名海滨城市尼斯.沿途游览几个法国城市后直奔西班牙巴塞罗那，观赏马德里附近的几个古镇，流连在各个充满了伊斯兰和古罗马风味的特色城堡。最后去这次的最远端葡萄牙的里斯本。返程途中游览法国西北部海滨城市和卢瓦尔河谷。取道卢森堡到达科隆，走莱茵河谷经科布伦茨到美因茨后回到法兰克福还车。再飞到莫斯科玩2天，最后回北京。预计57天,自驾路线大约1万多公里。路线为：北京—莫斯科—圣彼得堡—莫斯科--法兰克福--海德堡--维尔茨堡--班贝格--纽伦堡--布拉格--布拉迪斯拉发--布达佩斯--维也纳--梅尔克修道院--哈尔施塔特湖--戈绍--萨尔茨堡—国王湖--阿尔卑巴赫—阿亨湖--瓦腾斯水晶--因斯布鲁克---米腾瓦尔德--加米施-帕腾基兴---上阿玛高--林德霍夫宫--普兰湖--菲森--新天鹅堡--列支敦士登--林道--圣加伦--施泰因--苏黎世--卢塞恩--龙疆湖--因特拉肯--劳特布龙嫩--米伦—图恩湖--施皮茨--伯尔尼--马特洪峰--西庸古堡--洛桑--莫尔日--日内瓦--阿纳西--阿维尼翁--薰衣草胜地瓦郎索勒—尼斯--戛纳--马赛--艾克斯--阿尔勒--阿格德--巴塞罗那--萨拉戈萨--马德里—塞哥维亚--阿维拉--托莱多--格拉纳达--科尔多瓦---塞维利亚--梅里达---里斯本--辛特拉--法蒂玛-萨拉曼卡--布尔戈斯--维多利亚--圣塞瓦斯蒂安海滨--比亚里茨--巴约讷---波尔多---图尔--枫丹白露宫--特鲁瓦--卢森堡--科隆--科布伦茨--美因茨--法兰克福—莫斯科—北京。圣彼得堡夏宫莫斯科红场普罗旺斯看薰衣草世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特奥地利瑞士尼斯蔚蓝海滨法国卢瓦尔河谷城堡西班牙葡萄牙 有了行程单，证就很好办，住宿深夜在线福利视频都是在BOOKING上提前订好，基本上没有变化。租车提前2个月预定，价格有优势。 这次旅行，两个人总花费包括证在内不到8万元人民币。 出门旅游最大的消费就是交通费，深夜在线福利视频欧洲环游是自驾，做好行程后，在网上发帖寻找旅伴，有一对绍兴夫妇与深夜在线福利视频一啪即合，同步的申请证与订住宿，四个人完成了整个行程，这样，自驾这部分租车费，汽油费，过路费，存车费等四人均摊，费用自然降下来。 住宿费排名第二，根据各自对住宿条件的喜好程度，费用也参差不齐。深夜在线福利视频的住宿平均55欧，基本上是中下水平。 饭费也占相当大的比例，我们自带了电饭煲和电磁炉，大部分是自己做饭。在这么长时间总吃西餐人也会疯的。自己做一些顺口的食物，即能保证营养，费用也下降不少。早餐基本上是稀饭和自带的咸菜，再煎鸡蛋或煮鸡蛋，配面包。中餐基本是自带的面包加火腿和各种涂抹料，配牛奶和果汁与蔬菜。晚餐米饭，自做的一荤一素一汤。葡萄酒每晚一瓶是必不可少的节目，牛排，猪排，鸡，鱼是晚餐的主打菜。感觉与在国内自己做菜的费用相差不大，欧洲人在吃饭上是很便宜啊。简单贴一个深夜在线福利视频这次旅行的路线图。从图中可以看出，深夜在线福利视频的旅行路线基本上就是中世纪神圣罗马帝国的疆域。去一个地方旅游，应该简单了解一下这些地区的历史和人文及信仰。欧洲的历史比较复杂，但从神圣罗马帝国开始就简单的多。这个神圣罗马帝国与罗马凯撒大帝时期的罗马帝国完全是两码事。神圣罗马帝国全称为德意志民族神圣罗马帝国或日耳曼民族神圣罗马帝国，与962年建立，止于1806年。这是一个松散的政治联邦，由王国、大公国、公国、侯国、宗教贵族领地和帝国自由城市组成，他们承认皇帝为最高权威，但各个王国又独立自主。皇帝由七个选帝侯选举产生。这其实就是现在欧盟的鼻祖。帝国的疆域包括近代的德国、奥地利、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡，瑞士，西班牙，葡萄牙，法国东部、意大利北部和中部。帝国的发展历史也是各诸侯国争夺皇位的历史，从15世纪初起，皇位均由奥地利哈布斯堡家族占据，查理五世（1519～1558）是最具代表性的一位君主。他们的大本营是奥地利，匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克。进入17世纪以后，普鲁士崛起，建立普鲁士王国，随之也就带来了争霸的战争。结局是奥地利哈布斯堡家族惨败。能与神圣罗马帝国相抗衡的只有高卢人，北欧，奥斯曼帝国和欧洲大陆之外的英国。拿破仑的出现打破了这个平衡，16个神圣罗马帝国的成员脱离帝国，加入拿破仑邦联。1806年拿破仑勒令神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗朗茨二世于8月6日放弃神圣罗马帝国皇帝尊号，仅保留奥地利皇帝称号。宣告神圣罗马帝国从此退出历史舞台。1815年，拿破仑战争结束，德意志邦国被并入组织松散的德意志邦联，由奥地利领导。普鲁士新国王威廉一世和卓越的政治家俾斯麦的出现，又一次打破僵局，铁血宰相俾斯麦领导的普鲁士与哈布斯堡家族领导的奥地利展开一场为争夺霸权的普奥战争。站在普鲁士方面的，有梅伦堡、奥尔登堡和北德意志的其他各邦，以及汉堡、不来梅和吕贝克3个自由市和意大利。站在奥地利方面的，有萨克森、汉诺威、巴伐利亚、巴登、符腾堡、黑森一加塞尔、黑森一达姆施塔德和德意志邦联的其他成员国。从大邦国的数量和人口、面积来说，奥地利方面占有优势。但是，从军事实力来说，普鲁士则显然强于对方。但结局是普鲁士大胜，1866年8月23日，奥地利完全退出旧的北德意志联邦。随后的普法战争，普鲁士打败法国，普王威廉一世登基为德国皇帝，德国成为欧陆最强的大国。到此，欧洲各国的格局基本形成。现行的欧盟是不是复辟了过去的神圣罗马帝国深夜在线福利视频不得而知，但申根条约的实施却对欧洲大陆的旅游提供了方便。第一天，行程开始。北京机场与绍兴的旅友汇合，洲际航空UN8888 北京 - 莫斯科.起飞0040,到达.0440. 总时长8小时。深夜在线福利视频都变成了追日的夸父，由于经纬度的变化，机窗外粉红的彩带一直伴随了深夜在线福利视频飞行的大部分时间，这是不是就是传说的永不日落的晚霞？ 准时到达莫斯科伏努科沃VKO机场，出关也很顺利。深夜在线福利视频申请了俄罗斯过境证，机票就变为北京--莫斯科往返加莫斯科--法兰克福往返，在莫斯科中转不在同一个机场。今天我们要赶往圣彼得堡。 由于到达时间早，机场快线还没有开始，但第一班公交车611路刚好到达。语言不通，但手机里有莫斯科地铁的照片，拿给司机看，司机点头。莫斯科的公交车没有售票员，市民坐车基本都买公交卡，司机收了深夜在线福利视频四人共100P，给一个卡。上车后，打卡才能通过类似公园大门的自动刷卡机进入车厢。来俄罗斯之前，也看过不少人写的游记，都说俄罗斯人粗野，警察也会找麻烦。在车上，小心翼翼的拿出提前打印好莫斯科地铁站名的纸片，与周围人询问下车的地方，还是有人会帮你，坐了将近一个小时，到站后，司机也喊深夜在线福利视频该下车了。下公交车，坐红色地铁线去火车站。莫斯科的地铁致是一个红色大写的“M”字，下车后，远远就能看到。从莫斯科去圣彼得堡的火车站在莫斯科地铁红线的Комсомольской（中文叫共青团站）(红线跟环线的交叉站)站，这个站棕线上的站台很漂亮。 俄罗斯人大多数不会讲英语，去俄罗斯旅游，打印一些日常用语带在身边有很大的帮助。贴一些我找到的俄罗斯常用语。城市名字：1．莫斯科Москва 2．圣彼得堡Санкт-Петербург莫斯科景点：1．列宁墓 мавзолей ленина 2．圣瓦西里大教堂Храм Василия Блаженного 3．克林姆林宫Кремль 4．新圣女公墓Новодевичьекла́дбище5．克里姆林宫Кремль6．红场 красная площадь 7．历史博物馆 Государственный Исторический музей 8．瓦西里升天大教堂 Храм Василия Блаженного9．地下商场Охотный ряд10广场манежная площадь 11．普希金造型艺术馆 Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина 12．大剧院Большой Театр (Bolishoi Teatr 13．跳蚤市场Вернисаж （Vernisaj ） 14．莫斯科大马戏团 Большой московский цирк 15.新圣女修道院Hоводевечий Монастырь 16特列季亚科夫画廊Государственная третьяковскаягалерея1．十月火车站МОСКВА ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ 2．库尔斯克火车站МОСКВА КУРСКАЯ3．雅罗斯拉夫火车站 МОСКВА ЯРОСЛАВСКАЯ 4．白俄罗斯火车站МОСКВА БЕЛОРУССКАЯ 5．地铁共青团站Комсомольской 6．圣彼得堡主火车站САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ-ГЛАВН.7．库尔斯克地铁站КУРСКАЯ 8．白俄罗斯地铁站БЕЛОРУССКАЯ9．起义广场地铁站Площадь Восстания10．游击队站（跳蚤市场）Партизанская 11．麻雀山站Воробьёвы горы12．大学站Университет 13．基督救世主教堂Храм ХристаСпасителя14．老阿尔巴特街Старая улица Арбат15．莫斯科的列宁格勒火车站： MOSKVA OKTYABR'SKAYA 16．全俄展览中心地铁站：ВДНХD．日常用语：1．地铁 метро2．入口 вход（夫货的） 3．出口 выход（威货的）4．售票处 касса5．票 билет 6．厕所 туалет（阿列特）7．谢谢 спасибо 8．对不起 извините9．火车站 вокзал；Железнодо10．公共汽车 автобус 11．退票 возврат билета.12．票数билет в Суздаль в13．时间 пожалуйста.14．银行банк（班克）15．注册就是暂住证регистрация 16．行李寄存处Камера хранения17．城际列车Пригородный поезд 18．直达谢尔盖耶夫的城际列车站Ярославский Вокзал 19．汽车站остановка 20．硬卧плацкарт, platzkart. 21．纯软卧那种мягкий22．软卧包厢купе(kupe)圣彼德堡景点： 1．彼得宫城（夏宫）Петродворец 2．普希金城（皇村）Царское Село3．巴甫洛夫斯克ПАВЛОВСК 4．克鲁泡特金地铁站Кропоткинская 5．叶卡捷琳娜宫ДворецЕкатерины 6．斯莫尔尼宫ДворецСмольный 7．滴血大教堂Спас на Крови 8．尤苏波夫宫Юсуповский дворец 9．彼得保罗要塞Петропавловская Крепость食物：1．红菜汤（罗宋汤）．Борщ 2鱼子酱Икра 3．煎饼Блины 4．烤肉Шашлык 5．克瓦斯Квас 6．三文鱼семга 7．某种红鳟鱼форель 8．少盐的слабосоленный 9．烟熏的подкопченный 10．矿泉水негазированный出地铁站首先看到的建筑。 回头看是地铁出站口。 这里有3个火车站（喀山，亚罗斯拉夫，列宁格勒），深夜在线福利视频当时也不知道那个是去圣彼得堡的火车站，拿着打印好的纸片问旁边的警察，警察很热心的指给深夜在线福利视频看对面。我拿出相机拍对面的火车站，把警察摄入也没有引起他的不满意。谁说莫斯科警察不好惹？ 我拍照时，一对年轻情侣过来主动要求拍照，并作出夸张的表情，与我们做友好的互动，霎时间，对莫斯科民众的那些不友好传说完全消失。 买票时得知，今天早晨去圣彼得堡的快速火车只有两趟车，现在已经没有票了，下午有一班车，只有几张剩票。赶紧掏钱买票。价格是真心贵。这就是深夜在线福利视频不懂外文的弊病，如果能在国内提前在俄罗斯铁网上订票，不仅不会发生这样的事，价格还会便宜不少。 改变计划，先存包在火车站，在附近吃早饭，然后坐地铁去红场。 大街一角矗立着列宁的雕像。列宁是俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国（世界上第一个社会主义国家）的缔造者、布尔什维克党的创始人、十月革命的主要领导人、第一届苏维埃政府人民委员会主席。我在很小的时候就看过原苏联录制的描写列宁一生的电影----“列宁在1918”。如果没有列宁，苏联也可能会走向大部分欧洲皇家变革的君主立宪制。如果真是那样，世界的格局不知道要变成什么样子？ 莫斯科地铁票已经涨价。单次票40P。20次票540P，进入后，可以随意转车，也可以多人使用一张卡。 贴一张莫斯科地铁图和红场周围景点图。 莫斯科地铁车厢太落伍了，没有空调，上边有个小窗户开着，跑起来后声音震耳欲聋，倒是可以吹点凉风进来。中国中车可以打进俄罗斯市场，提供些现代化的车厢了。 车厢不怎么样，但地铁站太值好好看看了，索科尔站的苍穹顶、斯摩棱斯克站的圆柱式大厅、基辅站的巨大拱门大厅和巨型壁画(以十月革命为主)、白俄罗斯站的英雄群雕、诺沃斯洛波德站的民族风格壁画、普希金站诗一般的圣洁、高尔基站(现改名为特维尔站)的神韵，以及最美丽的被誉为“20世纪建筑艺术精品”的马雅可夫斯基站..... 坐地铁来到红场（Okhotnt ryad，红线，绿线，蓝线的交叉站）。红场的意思是“美丽的广场”，“红色”在俄语里包含“美丽”的意思。地面全部由条石铺成，既独特又显得古老而神圣。红场是莫斯科人的骄傲，它是莫斯科的中心广场，见证了莫斯科的历史变化。首先来到二战英雄朱可夫骑马的雕像前，他身后是国家历史博物馆。深夜在线福利视频只有上午的一点时间，只能走马观花看看红场的外景了。 朱可夫骑马雕像的右前方是国家杜马。 国家博物馆的右边，在俄罗斯式的凯旋门前有一个蓝顶绿墙的小教堂，教堂门口有人围着的地上有个铜的圆环，这个就是莫斯科的市中心的志，站上去扔个硬币吧，据说是可以带来好运。([
2019精品日产—级二区
陈芸伦Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the locations of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
蝴蝶谷成人版
李钰婷这次穿越男的负重35-40公斤，女的25-30公斤， 做好抵御极限零下40度低温的准备，虽然制定的是10-15天的穿越计划，但所带食物在恶劣气候下至少可支撑20天，同时备了25个高山气罐、1升汽油、15个打火机、若干火柴、打火石等物资，以确保手中有粮心中不慌，饿不死、走的出。 此行2月11日下午塘口上山----2月22日20点铁甲树出山，全体人员无碍！ 自带便携式风速仪实测最高风速达到28.9米/秒，几乎每天都大雾大雪大风。。 2800营地之前700米到塔1前树林间不到2公里路程的积雪过腰及胸，若无大包托着必过头，2公里不到的雪路踩了一天......前序： 由于近几年来穿越鳌太的队伍死伤不断，而2012年下半年更是连续出事且造成重大伤亡，同时鉴于冬季穿越鳌太的不可控自然风险太多，凡是知道此行计划的朋友都表示担心，所以为免争议乱心，咱在确定冬季穿越鳌太之后，没有公开发帖约伴，只是私下在群内勾引了几个疯子，最后确定好人锅、夜色、阿生、华女、雪梨5人成行。 此行5人中，阿生、华女、雪梨已经是多年的同行搭档，户外经验、心理承受力与契合度都无需担忧。 和夜色虽然没有一起走过，但之前已经见过面，在群内也是交流甚多，对其近期的出行及锻炼情况都有比较详细的了解。且其2012年国庆曾约伴无向导穿越鳌太，期间认真负责的前窜后跳招朋呼伴也给人以良好的印象。 人员确定后，所有人都按照咱拟定的装备和物资清单一样不落的照单配齐所有装备物资，实在有个别顽固份子的鞋不太符合要求但是体能变态的好滴就多背一双登山鞋备穿。风险提示，责任自负：***其中关于风速等级的测试依赖于此行携带的便携式风速仪实时测试***关于纯AA的声明：1、此行纯AA，没有领队费、没有向导费、没有组织费、没有会员费、没有任何其它盈利性的费用支出。2、所有人员都参与共同的交通费、餐费和采购高山气罐、汽油、打火机、鞭炮等公用物资的费用AA。3、本人承诺自己的费用完全自掏，而没有收取任何个人或组织的赞助，更没有拿着赞助找人组队搞伪AA以摊低费用支出。4、此行费用支出如下：A、西安至塘口包车1200元（夜色联系，大年初二大涨价也是没办法的事）；B、铁甲树--厚畛子--西安包车800元（出山后，辛苦夜色临时打了无数个电话才联系到车，春节涨价，无可选择）；C、高山气罐25个+97号汽油1L+打火机15个+2000响鞭炮500元（节前既请司机代买）；D、厚畛子晚餐160元；E、以上费用合计2660元，除以5，每人支出532元，实际收取每人530元。注： 户外有风险，出行需谨慎，鳌太多死伤，请不要模仿！ 本人不为任何人在阅览此贴后的任何出行负责！！！ 本人版权所有，如需转载等请务必征得本人文字同意才行。。此外，几乎任何一个网站都可能因为管理乱删、服务器转移、中毒等原因致使咱们的贴子莫名失踪俺在某些网站发的帖就曾遇到过此类悲剧所以几乎没有一个网站是可靠值得信赖因此咱们除了自己做好资料储存之外，如果发帖一定要记得多发几处以作备份，切记切记~~~ 具 体 行 程 记 录 请 看 后 续...... 先请欣赏此行美图：佛 光塘口村进山药农窝棚2900营地（偶遇另一支想穿越小鳌太的陕豫6人联队）白起庙导航架药王庙荞麦梁飞机梁一带梁1附近2800营地塔1附近九层石海大太白梁大石河（东塬）附近万仙阵大爷海拔仙台药王殿铁甲树 穿越行程记录：忙碌之间，就到了出发的日子。D0、2013年2月10日（大年初一）飞往西安。D1、2013年2月11日(大年初二) 进山第一天天气：阴转小雪、大雾穿着： 脚穿：整张头层牛皮的重装登山鞋（全程干燥没湿过）+快干薄袜1双+厚羊毛袜1双（全程穿着） 下身：快干内裤1条+排汗保暖长裤1条+厚羊毛裤1条+冲锋裤（带防风裙）1条+雪套+护膝（全程穿着） 上身排汗快干内衣1件+薄抓绒1件+厚实防风抓绒1件+冲锋衣（带防风裙、腋下透气拉链）1件（全程穿着，后拔高起风再冷就加了一件充绒120克左右的羽绒服） 头：开始戴了一顶风雪帽+打劫帽+冲锋衣帽，后走起发热出汗，就只戴冲锋衣帽子 手套：开始戴一双防水透气手套+1双半防水手套，后热的只戴一双防水透气手套，此后基本只戴一双防水透气手套（未行进时只戴一双还是很冷手指，行进热身后就暖和了）行程记录： 约早晨8点30从西安出发，本想3个半小时后约12点能到塘口村，哪知下雪起雾路滑难行，14点光景才到塘口村。1438 收拾完毕开始进山1626 前队（华女）在海拔1979米的有水源平地处等我。 因之前阅览多篇他人的鳌太游记攻略都提及往后的山路一直拔高不到药农窝棚都没处扎营。再抬头看天小雪下的小而密实，反正做的是10-15天的穿越计划，前路漫漫不急一时，若此时不扎营，不知摸黑走到几点才能赶到药农窝棚附近的平地扎营，所以立即选择就地扎营。而此时夜色走的意犹未尽，还说前面也有扎营地，Y的，幸亏没被蛊惑，否则后续的摸黑拔高雪路深一脚浅一脚真是会走伤人。1713 测温-5度1732 测温-7度1838 天未全黑2030 测温帐内-5度，帐外-10度2月12日0150 测温 帐内-6度，帐外-12度反应堆烧开一升冰水耗时6分钟西安出发不久天空就开始下起了小雪前面车祸小堵小雪越下越密 雾气越来越浓坡道不装防滑链已经很难上行 大货车也停在坡道上补装防滑链俺们包的车也不能免俗起个大早赶个晚集 天要如此也不能急在看到公路边塘口招呼站亭的时候 咱感觉应该就到拐进塘口的路口了问去过塘口的夜色 夜色却有点发晕 即使看到和路过塘口村口的加油站也还是没有一点回忆俺根据之前做的攻略 在看到加油站及公路村口的地貌后 告诉司机已经到塘口了 请开进村然后司机又开进村口的加油站 从加油站那拐进塘口村的水泥村道 沿着水泥路一直开 不带拐弯 （事后分析夜色去年国庆走鳌太包车的司机应该认识塘口 将他直接拉到塘口下车点 所以夜色才整不清楚如何进村）14点光景到达塘口村 下车最后收拾行装 夜色 很是辛苦的将公用的两挂2000响鞭炮和俺的一点没装进油瓶的汽油都背上了然后夜色就想从村民后院的田地直插山下好心的村民看见后 特意过来告诉俺别走田里 田里不好走 水泥路前行不远左拐就是进山的大路 很好走于是又将夜色喊回再然后夜色才开始逐渐恢复了记忆进山土路已经被白雪覆盖回拍塘口村 没走多久就到有铁栅栏开口的地方在这块告示牌附近的土路上俺们点燃一挂鞭炮 洒上一瓶二锅头 敬山神 祈保平安山越来越近 雾雪貌似越来越密 顺面前烂路右拐就走到山脚山脚下有一堆塌方乱石上山小道就在照片右边白色雪坡和没拍进照片的乱石之间有很明显的山民砍伐痕迹如果没有白雪覆盖就更不易走错进山口夜色到这的时候又失忆了差点就去硬切前面那张照片右边的白色雪坡由于大伙看看那雪坡过于陡滑 不利攀爬 才没上后华女在边上发现了这条正常上山道俺过去查看后也确认此路当为平时的进山小道于是将夜色喊回夜色看着GPS轨迹说 现在轨迹对了自此开始爬升只要开走 俺就难追夜色他们之项背手脚并用的上升到达这个志性的小垭口再前行约几十米就到了今天的扎营地当时的气温-5度 不算太低很是平整避风又有水源的好营地当晚小雪飘飘晚上2047 气温 -10度D2、2013年2月12日天气：晴，无风，极好的天气气温：早晨最低-15度，行进间，中午有太阳无风时高温可达2度左右，太阳下山后气温则急剧下降。水源：早晨结冰，需要冰镐敲冰取水；晚上化雪烧水穿着：同前，将雪镜改为墨镜行程记录： 海拔1970水源地至2900营地620叫早948出发 偶遇一支穿越小鳌太的陕豫联队，其中有两人和夜色网上相识。 因对方爬升较快，咱就建议跟着对方脚印走，省得找路探路。哪知他们大晴天也走的迷糊，整的咱们跟着他们的脚印在药农窝棚后冤枉爬升到海拔2900多米又下降到2800多米找路。虽然他们在很远的地方大喊，但因一则看不见人、二则喊声四散难定向，所以这段冤枉路走的钢钢滴，体能、时间浪费的阔惜哦。。1247上升到海拔2470米时气温复降至零度山路雪深且滑，没穿冰爪爬升总打滑，累的30步一歇1935因前面说过的原因，从药农窝棚2段木头处到2900营地折腾了近4小时天黑后咱才走到2900营地。早起看昨晚装在碗里的水都成了冰块水都冻住了 夜色拿着冰镐挖冰取水早晨气温-12度平整避风的营地抬头看天 感觉今天天气不错-11度 温度回升中人走而保持营地干净是深夜在线福利视频出行的基本准则上山的路已被雪掩埋 得小心下脚 以免扭伤生死之交 阿生 同行过墨脱 狼塔 乌孙 禾木河探源体能好而不焦躁此行帮俺背负了冰镐、3斤食物，还有公用的60米5毫米辅绳 雪渐深 落脚更慎咬牙扛包吭哧吭哧的向上爬海拔2000多米树这么个牌牌浪费钱呀某些部门总喜欢干掩耳盗铃的事终于爬出丛林路 得以见天阳光明媚好惬意灌木上的雪花就像棉花朵看到鳌山大梁了依稀可见山下村庄到达药农窝棚所在心中暗喜很快就能到2900营地了哪知杯具很快就开始嘞跟着他人的足迹走错路 浪费体能浪费时间亏大了还是要立足于自身 不能偷懒呀此地树林里的积雪已经不浅没想到以后的日子里 这种雪窝算浅的俺走到天黑才到2900营地实测气温-14度MSR 耳语油炉不给力化雪烧水至少20分钟 打气泵也易坏且预热浪费油、火焰大 在内外帐之间使用时千万要小心火灾相比而言还是反应堆使用更便捷、烧煮更迅速D3、2013年2月13日天气：小雪大雾4级风气温：早晨帐内-9度；下午扎营搭建帐篷时-15度；18点温度回升到-10度；1930帐外-14度，帐内-10度（帐篷两头位置）水源：化雪烧水穿着：同前，今天开始穿冰爪行程记录： 2900营地出发--在凄风冷雪迷雾中折腾到离导航架2公里左右迷途扎营1010 2900营地出发 雪越来越密，风速渐长，雾越来越大，能见度已经是30米以内了 快到盆景园时，陕豫联队回撤，但随后有两位开封的朋友（悠然、狗子）追上深夜在线福利视频要和深夜在线福利视频一起走到导航架再返程。就这样深夜在线福利视频的队伍变成了5+2. 在过了白起庙后，能见度愈差，且温度愈低，周边白茫茫一片啥都看不见，据说晴好天气可以看见的导航架更不知何方。 关键时刻，夜色的GPS在大雾低温下开始抽疯，带着深夜在线福利视频在乱石堆里绕起了8字形，俺穿着冰爪走路极不习惯，动不动就被冰爪绊的摔跤，其中有次是在乱石堆里摔的，冲锋裤、雪套都被冰爪挂破，摔的好不狼狈，如再摔远些就栽进石堆坑隙出大问了。饶是如此，因重包压身半天爬不起，幸得阿生援手拉起。再走下去，感觉在石海里折腾不是办法，于是建议大家啥都别管，先向上切出石海再说，省得在石海里转到天黑都没办法扎营。切出石海后，绕来绕去之间，大伙都发现怎么走着走着又走回原来的脚印了呢？ 咱因为夜色2012年国庆才走过鳌太，且其速度快、精力足、背负强，十足的一个人肉装甲车，有他在前开路，咱真是省心不少，除了用指北针确定大方向不错以及之后的主要横切路径方向选择之外，咱的GPS都没太开。此时看着明显是在绕路，而且转着转着又往烂石海里钻，迷雾中绕来绕去实在太浪费体能，看看时间已经1600，于是决定扎营待天气好转后再议，本想就近切回白起庙附近扎营以利确定参照物和走向，后接受夜色的建议就地扎营，以免折腾。 下午的这个迷雾也让悠然、狗子两位开封朋友有些心悸，为免次日回程又遇上此类迷雾，扎营后他们找俺将导航架到2900营地的等高线图用手机拍摄备用以防迷路。 1800雾气突然散去，远方的导航架清晰可见，夜色的GPS在捂暖和后也恢复了正常，显示出咱们刚才绕了个相当准的8字形轨迹。咱们的临时扎营地也恰好是在轨迹上。趁此雾散间歇看清楚方向，明天大伙就不用再担心绕圈了。 再然后夜色兴奋的卖起来鸭脯肉（裸上身拍照，年轻人火旺呀）。。。。。。 没过多久，雾气又继续笼罩了山头。。。。。。早起 帐内气温-9度帐内结满冰霜天阴沉而未全亮([]
成人—级a爽青苹果
赖政宏【写在开篇】有人说：“俄罗斯不是一个国家，而是一个世界。”首先，地大。人口只有 1.6 亿的俄罗斯，却拥有横跨欧亚大陆的1700 多万平方公里的国土面积，占了地球上 1/6 的陆地。其次，物博。俄罗斯有着丰富的让人眼馋的自然资源，足以支撑起一个世界。 深夜在线福利视频眼中的俄罗斯会是什么样的呢？带着这样的疑问开始深夜在线福利视频16天的旅程…在最美的秋季，从寒冷飘雪的伊尔库茨克，到阳光明媚的圣彼得堡，经历着突如其来的暴雪，感受着浓墨重彩的秋色。第一天：每个去过俄罗斯的人，看到的俄罗斯人都是不同的，有人说俄罗斯人很傲气，不屑于用英语回答你。有人说俄罗斯人很冷漠，不会为了你的迷茫而停下脚步。也有人说，俄罗斯人很豪爽，言语间就热络的共进伏特加。也许维京海盗和东斯拉夫农民的结合，注定了他们的双重性格。时而豪迈慷慨，时而自私吝啬。时而热情奔放，时而冷漠残酷。时而目光远大，时而固执短视。通过短短的旅途，去体会俄罗斯的深厚历史是远远不够的，可是深夜在线福利视频却看到了美好的未来。留在记忆里的是年轻人的勃勃生机，勤学上进和热情好客，因为你们，让不懂俄语的深夜在线福利视频，顺利愉悦的给旅行画上了完美的句号，期待下一次的相遇… 照例，先放行程，接着放毒！喀山圣母教堂的香烛环贝加尔湖火车奥列洪岛眺望贝加尔湖红场上的圣瓦西里和克林姆林宫谢尔盖耶夫镇的圣三一修道院苏兹达尔的洋葱们弗拉基米尔的圣母升天大教堂彼得大帝夏宫北京的夏日才刚刚离去，深夜在线福利视频就带着厚厚的冬装，登上了西伯利亚航空的飞机。走出机舱，寒气扑面而来，这就是带着冬天味道的伊尔库茨克了。 伊尔库茨克，没听过吧？可是另外两个响亮的名字，西伯利亚、贝加尔湖，想必大家都不陌生。伊尔库茨克（Иркутск），是伊尔库茨克州的首府，是东西伯利亚第二大城市，市中心与居民区间以天然白桦林连接着。安加拉河贯穿市区，有大桥连通在贝加尔湖的东南端。作为东西伯利亚的首府，伊尔库茨克拥有不少19世纪的豪华建筑，曾被誉为“西伯利亚的巴黎”。到达：北京-伊尔库茨克，直飞的是西伯利亚航空S7和海南航空的飞机，班次并不是天天有，S7每周一、三、六，05：35~08：50，海南航空貌似也是一、三、六1000~1315。 软件：神奇的2GIS必须安装，提前下载几个城市的离线地图，五星推荐，相当于俄罗斯的高德地图，也许做的还要更好一些。需要安装俄文输入或者功课做好，提前把要去的地方俄文备注好。随时查询公交地铁，酒店购物，太方便。一路走来三个有网络的童鞋没有我一个离线地图的灵光~电话卡：网上大家都推荐小蜜蜂，不知道为什么这么迷信，就没有人反馈个真实体会吗？比MTS便宜，但是真心不好用，小火车信号差的一塌糊涂，奥列洪岛甚至基本没信号。还是推荐最大的品牌MTS，3G的包月流量250，比小蜜蜂贵50。另外两个品牌套餐外的流量都会比较贵，尤其是莫斯科或者圣彼得堡的卡在伊尔库茨克用，所以淘宝购卡的需要注意。 换汇：出发前网上有人说，最合适的办法是当地银联取现（用华夏卡，首笔没有手续费），其次是带美金去换汇，最不合适的是国内直接换卢布。我的亲身体会，应该是当地银联取现和出发前国内换汇差不多，都比较合适。旅行16天，两个人4万卢布现金加上取现两次15000卢布，其余住宿，购物刷卡。最后几天卢布增值，刷卡购物的比较不合适。 语言：俄罗斯英文普及的非常不好，伊尔库茨克就会更差一些，问路，坐公交，买车票最好提前准备好俄语，show给大妈大叔看，简单粗暴，沟通无障碍。酒店前台是接触的人群里英文最好的，有问除了Info!就找漂亮帅气的前台~伊尔库茨克(Иркутск)，始建于1700年，已经拥有315年的城市发展史，是西伯利亚唯一的大工业城市，也是交通和商贸的枢纽。伊尔库茨克有约1300处历史建筑文明遗产，其中有东正教堂（喀山教堂）、波兰人大教堂、政府大楼、二战胜利纪念广场、历史博物馆、十二月党人文化公园等 ......伊尔库茨克的市区范围并不大，溜达着去Tourist Information Center拿地图，i里的姑娘英文也很好，和城市旅游资讯以及周边交通有关系的问，尽管丢过去吧。心满意足的拿着绿线GREEN LINE地图，开始了深夜在线福利视频匆匆半日的城市随行。 ，有30个市区主要景点的英文介绍，非常方便徒步游览。穿过著名的卡尔马克思大街，一路向北，来到了安加拉河畔。远远望去，最为醒目的是矗立的黄白相间的凯旋门，叫做Moscow Gate。凯旋门前停了长长一排的婚车，倒是没咱国内结婚气派。新郎新娘，还有不可思议的诸多伴郎伴娘，欢声笑语不断。零度的气温也抵挡不了新人们的喜悦，穿着婚纱的新娘面对镜头，high的不行。晏宾说，一路碰到的新娘子即使上了妆也没有街上匆忙走过的姑娘们漂亮，也许都是到了一定年纪，即将长腿辣妹变身大妈的时候，才会考虑找个长期饭票？不过这只是一句玩笑话，无论是在伊尔库茨克这样的小城市，还是莫斯科圣彼得堡那样的大城市，路上偶遇的年轻年长的女性，穿着打扮，发行配饰，无不透着精致和品位，好像随时准备走上时尚杂志一般。安加拉河畔的围栏上挂满了漂亮的同心锁，大小颜色各异，周边也没看到售卖亭，难道这里有这样的传统？出门还得备锁头[/惊讶] 河边望去，高耸的烟囱，进进出出的船只，忙碌工作的吊车，无不显示着工业城市的繁忙。冬季河畔漫步，寒风扑面，带来丝丝潮气，有孩童包裹的如童话里的公主，粉嫩嫩的，推着同样粉嫩的小推车和玩具公主，蹒跚学步，小脸呈现着健康的苹果红。沿着无人的河滨大道一路走到了基洛夫广场，广场上教堂林立，救世主大教堂，主显节大教堂，波兰人大教堂。首先看到的是这座堆积木一般的主显节大教堂（Собор Богоявления）。大教堂始建于1693年，是伊尔库茨克第二古老的石头建筑，至今保存的很好。漂亮的教堂白色亮洁，各层由长方形、圆柱形、三角锥形组合在一起，旁边还有两的金色的洋葱头形状的穹顶衬托着，非常耀眼，也有人称它为“博戈亚福列涅大教堂”。东正教教堂男士不允许带帽，女士入内可以带帽或者包头巾。建议还是随身携带一条围巾，既能保暖，又能裹头，戴着帽子总觉得对上帝不太尊重。一般情况教堂内不允许拍照，需要拍照提前询问，有的教堂只是唱诗和讲经的地方不让拍照。马路对面是救世主大教堂SpasskayaTserkov，历史超过300年。教堂外围有一圈小花圃，还有纪念碑，老爷爷带着孙子挑选着鲜花献给长眠的英雄们。推开厚重的有着岁月痕迹的木头门，拾级而上，二楼是教堂主体，教堂内部不大，顶部和墙壁上的彩色绘画，讲诉着一个又一个圣经故事，指引着教众前行的方向。([]
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