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斯里兰卡是印度半岛南端印度洋中的一个岛国，北临孟加拉湾，西濒阿拉伯海，为印度洋东西方海上交通必经之地面积65610平方公里。人口1580万(1985)。僧伽罗人占72％,泰米尔人占20.5％,摩尔人占 6.7％，柏格人和马来人占 0.8％。僧伽罗语为官方语言，泰米尔语为民族语言，社会上层通用英语。居民67.3％信奉佛教，17.6％信奉印度教，7.9％信奉基督教，7.1％信奉伊斯兰教。首都科伦坡。中国古书称之为师子国僧伽罗国、僧诃罗国等。僧伽罗系梵语 Simhala一词的音译，意为狮子。古代阿拉伯航海家称其为“宝岛.锡兰”目前“锡兰”一称仍通用。如对斯里兰卡有兴趣的朋友，有想到斯里兰卡自助游的兴趣（附带说一句，斯里兰卡和中国一向友好，是最适合中国人去自助游的国家之一）；可跟贴就你所想详细了解和有疑问的地方提出，我会尽量详细就我所知解答。下文预告；本人独自在印度自助流浪历时23天，从印度最东面的加尔各答横穿到印度最西面的阿姆利则，沿途所见所闻精彩粉呈。近期将整理出来以飨各位朋友。斯里兰卡有两千多年文字记载的历史。来自南亚次大陆北部的雅利安移民约在公元前 6世纪来到兰卡岛，先在沿海地区落脚，然后沿河流向内地迁移，建立若干沿河村落并种植水稻。移民中最强大的是僧伽罗人。这一名称后来成了所有移民的共同名称。雅利安移民的政治制度是婆罗门式的。在南印度种姓制度影响下，逐渐形成斯里兰卡独特的种姓制度，构成了僧伽罗村社制度的基础。 2500年前，来自北印度的雅利安人移民至锡兰岛建立了僧伽罗王朝。前247年，印度孔雀王朝的阿育王派其子来岛弘扬佛教，受到当地国王的欢迎，从此僧伽罗人摈弃婆罗门教而改信佛教。公元前2世纪前后，南印度的泰米尔人也开始迁徙并定居锡兰岛。从公元5世纪至16世纪，岛内僧伽罗王国和泰米尔王国之间征战不断。16世纪初先后被葡萄牙（1505—1658）和荷兰（1658—1796）统治。 18世纪末，斯里兰卡成为英国殖民地，并在二战中成为盟军在南亚对抗日军入侵的海军基地。当时的锡兰总督兼三军总司令是以善于调和种族关系而著称的郝德杰（任锡兰总督时间为1937.10.16—1944.9.19）。1948年2月4日获得独立，定国名锡兰。1972年5月22日改称斯里兰卡共和国。1978年8月16日改国名为斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国。斯里兰卡自助游，分别为：文化之旅、海滨之旅、高山之旅和生态之旅。一、文化之旅。在斯里兰卡这个小小岛屿国家中，分布着与埃及一样多的，共6处世界遗产，可谓是个奇迹。充分展示了斯里兰卡有文字记载的2000多年的文明史。由皇城康提、圣城阿努拉德普勒、古城波隆纳鲁沃这3个城市构成的三角区，被称为“文化金三角”。在这个三角区内，汇聚了多达5处该国的世界文化遗产。这里有巨大的古建筑群；有2500多年前的宫殿和石刻；有古都的遗址、花岗岩的雕像、高耸入云的巨型舍利塔。参观、体验这些文化遗产，可令人充满惊奇和振奋，焕发人的灵感，让人感受到这是一次文化之旅、精神之旅。1、“文化金三角”世界遗产分布情况。（1）康提（Kandy）一处：佛牙寺（Temple of Tooth Relics）。（2）丹布勒（Dumbulla）二处：丹布勒金庙石窟（The Golden Temple and Rock Temple of Dambulla）、锡吉里耶狮子岩（Sigiriya the Lion Rock）。（3）阿努拉德普勒（Anuradhapura）一处：由菩提树、千柱寺，及数个超巨型舍利塔组成。（4）波隆纳鲁沃（Polonnaruwa）一处：嘎里亚那（Galvihara）古城遗址。（5）南海之滨的世界文化遗产。斯里兰卡全国共6处世界文化遗产中，有5处在“文化金三角”，另一处在南海之滨的加勒（Galle）。是17世纪建造的，位于一座岛礁上的荷兰城堡。 二、海滨之旅。斯里兰卡这个海岛拥有1340公里长的海岸线，以及数百个沙滩。这些沙滩中，已经开发出来，供游人休闲的多达几十个。其数量之多，质量之好，环境之美，都是绝无仅有的。这是大自然对斯里兰卡人民的慷慨赐予。斯里兰卡的海滨度假胜地，集中在这个海岛的西南部海岸。在不到200公里长的距离中，大大小小已经开发出的海滩就有几十个。其中几个较大的海滩各具特色、名声在外。 1、几个值得一去的主要海滩。（1）尼甘布（Negombo）距科伦坡37公里，距国际机场仅有6公里。因其位置优势，这里常年吸引了大量刚刚到达，或者准备离开斯里兰卡的各国游客。这里也是首都科伦坡民众节假日最好的休闲之地。（2）卡卢特勒（Kalutara）距科伦坡42公里。这里除了拥有迷人的海滩和众多的五星级酒店外，还有一座庄严的3层佛教寺庙，以及里面的那座世界独一无二的空心佛塔。（3）本托塔（Bentota）距科伦坡62公里。这里有宽广如画的海滩；有大型海滨度假村和星级饭店；有独特的古董店；有斯里兰卡驰名建筑师巴瓦兄弟花园。在本托塔河上，游人还可乘船在内河游览和进行各种水上运动。（4）希克杜沃（Hikkaduwa）距科伦坡98公里。这里是全岛最有名的海滩之一。希克杜沃以潜水运动和珊瑚礁闻名。同样出名的还有冲浪和丰富多彩的夜生活。海边既有很多顶级海景酒店，附近也有背包客能接受的舒适客栈。（5）乌纳瓦吐纳（Unawatuna）距科伦坡116公里；距世界文化遗产，加勒的荷兰古城堡仅4公里。乌纳瓦吐纳号称世界12大顶级海滩之一。这里有奇妙的潜水区域；有像沙丁鱼罐头一样挤在一起的，让游人放松的沙滩；有丰富的夜生活；有许多性价比不高，但却符合市场经济规律，比三亚划算得多的酒店和度假村。（6）韦利格默（Weligama）距科伦坡143公里。这里风景迷人，绵延10多公里的海岸线上，全是大大小小的沙滩。海面上有端坐在木杆上垂钓的渔民和游弋的双体船；海岸边有名气很大，但规模很小的金枪鱼市场。（7）美蕊沙（Mirissa）距科伦坡155公里。这里的漂亮海湾，散发着原始、迷人的气息。游人们评价说：这里是斯里兰卡南部最美的海滩。在美蕊沙，除了冲浪、潜水、休闲外，最富特色，最吸引人的就是，在当年的11月至次年的5月，乘船出海看鲸鱼、海豚和飞鱼。（8）马特勒（Matara）距科伦坡163公里，公交大巴车程约5小时。这里是海岛南部顶端的一座大型海滨城市。在城边海岸的突出沙滩上，可以看到清晨太阳从海中冉冉升起，傍晚又从海中缓缓落下的罕见自然景观。这里还是游人去附近几个著名海滩远足的，最佳的中转站和大本营。（9）坦加勒（Tangalle）距科伦坡195公里。这里有世所罕见，几乎渺无人烟，拥有宽阔漂亮沙滩，长达10多公里，能够一览无遗的巨型、正圆形弧形海岸线。眼前不时跃出水面的银鱼，和那不断掠过水面的上百只海鸥，伴随着生生不息的海浪，引人遐想，令人忘我。（10）瑞卡瓦（Rekawa）距科伦坡205公里。在这里，在相应季节的夜晚满月时，可以看到从水下爬到沙滩上，自然繁殖的海龟，还可以与它们亲密接触。这就是高勒到科伦坡的海边火车。在就是传说的海边渔夫三、高山之旅。斯里兰卡有多样的地形地貌，以及由此带来多样化的气候和丰富多彩的自然景观。斯里兰卡南部山区有30多座上千米高的山峰。有这个海岛最高的，海拔2555米的皮杜鲁塔拉格勒山（Mount Pidurutalagala）。在山区的腹心地带，最有名，最受游客青睐的地方是努瓦勒埃利耶（Nuwara Eliya）。这里是斯里兰卡海拔最高的村镇，是美誉度最高的山区旅游胜地，有“小英格兰”之称。村镇周围有高尔夫球场和赛马场，附近有可供垂钓鳟鱼的湖泊、河流。夜晚在零度的气温下，人们穿冬衣戴皮帽，依偎在壁炉边烤火的情景，在这个只有夏天，没有春天、秋天，更没有冬天的热带岛屿上，构成一幅奇特的，引人入胜的自然、人文景观。距努瓦勒埃利耶不太远的南部地区，有景色优美，海拔超过2000米的山区高原霍顿平原（Horton Plains）。霍顿平原上最吸引人的景点是悬崖落差达1000多米，被人们描述得具有极大想象空间的：“世界的尽头（World’s End）”。科伦坡和康提都有公交车驶往努瓦勒埃利耶。行驶时间分别为3.5小时和2小时。距努瓦勒埃利耶同样不太远的东南部地区，有山区的另一个著名景点埃拉（Ella）。乘火车从努瓦勒埃利耶到埃拉，这条线路是世界上最美的火车线路之一。火车在海拔2000多米高的大片原始森林间，迎着茶园，穿过松涛，沿着陡峭的峡谷蜿蜒而行。真个是景在心中，人在画中。四、生态之旅。斯里兰卡除了无所不在，令人神往的海洋景观外，岛上森林密布、河流纵横，无数湖泊镶嵌其间。全岛有12个国家公园，52个自然保护区，占国土面积的12%。其中最著名的是位于海岛南部，被评为世界自然遗产的辛哈拉加森林保护区（Sinharaja Forest Reserve）。最吸引游人的是位于东南沿海的，巨型的自然保护区 —— 雅拉国家公园（Kumana National Park）。在康提附近，有几十头大象的人工保护区品纳维勒大象孤儿院；在狮子岩附近的米内日亚国家公园湖边，最多时可一次出现几十头野生大象；在波隆纳鲁沃的湖边，夕阳西下时，可一次见到数百只鸽子那么大的巨型蝙蝠；湖面上整天都能见到时而浮在水面，时而排队飞行的成千上万只水鸟；在南部海边瑞卡瓦的沙滩上，能在明月下见到上岸繁殖的海龟；在美蕊沙近海，可看到鲸鱼、海豚和飞鱼；........([]
最新章节： 第521章 勇敢者游戏 （ 2025-06-13 09:51:35）
更新时间： 2025-06-13 10:22:25
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宋俊毅徒步西藏“四大名沟”，看五座8000米雪山，看你还能不能Hold住？ 在世界屋脊西藏，耸立着雄伟的喜马拉雅，其中有五座8000米以上的雪山座落在日喀则境内，它们是珠穆朗玛（第一）、洛子峰（第四）、马卡鲁（第五）、卓奥友（第六）和希夏邦玛（第十四）。 喜马拉雅雪山脉在日喀则境内被砍了四个缺口，它们形成了日喀则“四大名沟”：吉隆沟、樟木沟、嘎玛沟和亚东沟。这四条沟的共同特点是：发源于雪山，海拔从5000米一路下降到3000米，经低处流到国外。独特的地貌造就了奇特的风光：雪山相伴，景色多变，人迹罕至，恍若世外桃源。 今年国庆假期，深夜在线福利视频一行16人，深入“四大名沟”徒步，与五座8000米雪山亲密接触，欣赏旷世美景，体验别样人生。 感谢老天爷给深夜在线福利视频好天气，感谢朝夕相伴同甘共苦的队友，感谢给我们帮助的司机、向导、牦牛工，让深夜在线福利视频这次漫长的旅程变得如此顺利和圆满。 这里，要向大家特别推荐希夏邦玛南坡大本营徒步和珠峰东坡大本营徒步，这是目前国内最好的徒步线路。遗憾的是沿途遇到的大多是外国人，国内驴友还较少知道。 这个帖子注定是一个长篇，请大家耐心等待。我们将用最详细的第一手资料：文字、图片、视频、GPS轨迹、攻略，揭开“四大名沟”的神秘面纱。 时间：2011年9月23日——10月16日 线路：深圳——拉萨——老定日——吉隆沟——聂拉木——希夏邦玛南坡大本营徒步——聂拉木——珠峰大本营——曲当乡——晓乌错——卓湘营地（兰花谷）——汤湘营地——俄嘎——珠峰东坡大本营——俄嘎——措学仁玛——曲当乡——定结——岗巴——多庆措——亚东——江孜——拉萨——深圳。 参加人员：行摄匆匆、阿韦、相守、游民、蓝桥，有足道、小白、飞繁、老虎，小麦子、小玉、大玉、夭夭、鑫子、小瓦片、小迷糊。相机：D700+24——70。费用：6000元左右（不包括来回拉萨机票）活动约伴帖：无法抵挡的诱惑——2011年“十一”西藏“四大名沟”徒步约伴https//www.doyouhike.net/group/20158/1/510200,0,0,0.html活动讨论帖：2011年“十一”西藏“四大名沟”徒步计划书https//www.doyouhike.net/group/20158/1/532199,0,0,0.html星子作业：听，喜马拉雅的呼吸---2011西藏四大名沟徒步(希夏邦马&;珠峰东坡）https//www.doyouhike.net/forum/photo/544588,0,0,1.html小麦子作业：小面条走天涯—西夏邦马、珠峰东坡徒步记https//www.doyouhike.net/forum/backpacking/544977,0,0,0.html小瓦片作业：We Made It——行摄匆匆队2011金秋西藏“四大名沟”游记By瓦片https//www.doyouhike.net/forum/mountain/544087,0,0,1.html#post21回复 深圳行摄匆匆 的帖子揭开“四大名沟”的神秘面纱一、为什么要去“四大名沟”？ 因为山在那里， 因为那里有绝美的风景， 因为那里人迹罕至。 “四大名沟”只是一个概念，这里只是借用一下，具体怎么走，一切由风景决定。 吉隆沟的风景集中在吉隆镇一带，有时间的话建议徒步去看看山上的几个村庄，有走进世外桃源的感觉。当然姆拉错是一定要去的，那里是等待日出和拍雪山倒影的最佳位置。 樟木沟的重点是上段的希夏邦玛南坡大本营徒步，其实深夜在线福利视频压根儿就没去樟木。希夏邦玛南坡大本营是一条风景优美、难度适中的徒步线路，来回3天，与雪山近距离接触，能带给你意外的惊喜。 嘎玛沟被认为是世界上最美的山谷，因为它的上段有三座8000米以上的雪山：珠穆朗玛、洛子峰和马卡鲁。这里有多条徒步线路可供选择，最值得一走的是珠峰东坡大本营徒步，来回7天，风景绝美，有一定挑战性。 亚东沟的重点是多庆措和卓木拉日，湖光山色，交相辉映。当然，去下有西藏小香港之称的亚东县城也是不错的。那里有中印乃堆山边贸通道，还有康布温泉。二、为什么要一次走完“四大名沟”？ 这个是由效率决定的。去一次西藏不容易，而这“四大名沟”都在日喀则境内，相距不远，一次走完性价比高。 还有一个重要的原因，那就是循序渐进。很多人去珠峰东坡徒步，第一天就高反了，导致很难按计划完成全程。但深夜在线福利视频的队员到珠峰东坡的时候个个活蹦乱跳，这是为什么呢？因为我们先去吉隆沟（2850米），再去希夏邦玛南坡大本营徒步（3750米——5130米），到达曲当乡的时候已经不知道高原反应为何物了。 走完珠峰东坡可以原路经日喀则返回拉萨，但那样的话将会非常无趣。深夜在线福利视频选择定结——岗巴——亚东——江孜——拉萨，一来可以看见不同的风景，二来可以作为高强度徒步活动之后的放松。三、线路的难度和或有风险 希夏邦玛南坡大本营徒步来回3天时间，最困难的是第二天，海拔高、时间长，要有心理准备。最好早点出发，来回预计9小时。 珠峰东坡大本营徒步来回7天时间，每天徒步5—8小时，比较危险的是巴当到俄嘎的一段碎石坡横切；强度最大的一天是俄嘎到珠峰东坡大本营，来回9小时，徒步24公里；而最不确定的是朗玛拉垭口穿越，如果大雪封山，穿越将异常困难。 沿途还是有很多岔路的，建议请当地向导或牦牛工带路，如果是自己徒步，至少有GPS数据参考。四、对身体条件的要求 很多人想去高原徒步但担心自己的身体，当然最担心的还是高原反应。其实，没有大家想象的那么难，只要你平时坚持运动，出发前进行适当的拉练，一般人都是可以完成的。深夜在线福利视频这次有16人参加，大部分人都不是猛驴，甚至有些是临时抱佛脚，像南京的小迷糊。我们队员的年龄在30——50岁，但我们照样顺利走完全程，主要经验是循序渐进，把状态调整到最好。一般拉练到轻松爬完梧桐山，腿脚不痛就可以了。五、带什么装备? 高原天气多变，早晚寒冷，中午炎热，衣服要多带，冷了加，热了脱。最低温度—10度左右，要求带快干衣、抓绒、冲锋衣、羽绒服、羊毛袜、毛线帽、厚手套、雪套、雨衣，—10度睡袋等。此外还要注意防晒，如果不注意，一天就可以把你晒伤！一般出发的时候穿抓绒和冲锋衣，走一会就要脱掉一件，中午可能只穿一件快干就可以了。但最怕的就是风寒效应，一旦变天，刮风下雪，气温陡降，很容易造成失温的。六、山上吃什么？ 总是原则是：有能量、合口味、易煮熟、少垃圾。一是营养搭配；二是数量控制；三是小组互补。主要食品有快餐面、快餐粉、挂面，燕麦片、奶茶、豆腐花、紫菜蛋花汤、浓汤宝，各种咸菜，饼干、面包，火腿肠、午餐肉、鸡腿鸡翅，奶糖、巧克力，各种水果，特别推荐红萝卜、白萝卜、大白菜，好放，不容易撞坏。其它个人喜爱食品。建议4—6人一个小组一起做饭比较有趣。七、边防通行证如何办理？ 四大名沟都属于边境地区，都要办理边防通行证，最严的可能是曲当乡。但这次好像查得不严，深夜在线福利视频去曲当乡卡达边防派出所登记的时候值班的人还在睡觉，叫了几次都不起床，最后还是一个四川帅哥帮忙登记的。去“四大名沟”要写上吉隆县、樟木、珠峰、亚东，最好写上曲当乡或卡达，避免不必要的麻烦。一般可以在当地公安局或派出所办理，如果当地不能办理，也可以找拉萨的旅行社代办，一张100元。八、费用如何控制？ 去西藏旅游，最主要的费用就是车费。现在很多人迷信越野车，不管是到哪里都要包越野车，其实大可不必。因为现在西藏很多旅游景点的道路都修得很好了，一般的小车、面包车都可以到达，比如深夜在线福利视频这次要到达的吉隆沟和曲当乡，算是非常偏僻的地方了，但深夜在线福利视频的两辆10座金杯面包车都可以安全到达。省下的车费就可以拿来大吃大喝了。九、向导和牦牛如何联系？ 如果你不是特别的喜欢自虐又有特别强的野外生存能力，建议你还是雇向导和牦牛好了，这样自己就有足够的精力来欣赏沿途风景、享受徒步的快乐，而不是一味的暴走。 希夏邦玛大本营徒步的起点在聂拉木县城，而珠峰东坡徒步的起点在定日县曲当乡，到当地就可以联系到向导和牦牛了，一般是由村长或乡政府统一调配的。十、推荐几个常用电话1、拉萨包车：平措，老司机，技术一流，善于跟当地藏民打交道，可以算得上西藏通了，11座金杯车，车号：藏AL1052,联系电话：13989099861；米玛，平措师傅的搭档，有文化，非常幽默，特别喜欢开玩笑，11座金杯面包车，电话：13518982207.住宿：风马飞扬：0891——6790250，13908915478，QQ：55387134，老板：阿芳、阿辉。亚宾馆附近，离大昭寺和布达拉宫都不远。最好的地方是晚上12点关门熄灯，可以安心睡觉。气罐：深夜在线福利视频的气罐是在荒野户外店买的，25元一瓶，没用完的可以退给他们。地址在亚宾馆和大昭寺之间，电话：0891——6792423，13908908910。腐败：太阳岛重庆正宗邮亭鲫鱼，喜欢吃辣椒的可以去尝尝，电话：0891——6714285；太阳岛彭彭牛杂羊杂火锅，18989986050。这个不辣，不介意吃动物内脏的可以去试试。2、吉隆恒安宾馆，算是吉隆镇最大的宾馆之一，间80元，可以洗澡。老板：蒋佩伸，儒雅商人，喜欢摄影，已经知道在哪里拍倒影了。电话：0892——8928323，18908926368.3、聂拉木神山宾馆，40元一个床位，附近有淋浴的地方，10元1人。老板是回民，特别爱干净，热情到你受不了，可以帮忙联系村长，商谈去希夏邦玛牦牛的事情。联系电话：郑建文：0892——8272488，13989028182。村长（什么村不记得了）：西热：13989922862。深夜在线福利视频这次的牦牛就是他负责安排的。注意把要去的地方和牦牛的价钱先谈好。之前我们联系的是多布吉，深夜在线福利视频是在网上看到他电话的，他是当地的高山协作，但找牦牛还是要通过村长。多布吉电话：13638920177。4、曲当乡牦牛都是由乡政府统一安排，分管副书记小普：13518929783。边防证由定日县卡达边防派出所管理。深夜在线福利视频去的时候值班的人不在，是一个四川兵哥哥帮忙登记的，他叫王川，最好不要随便去打扰他哦。曲当乡住在珠峰宾馆，40元一个床位，老板叫达瓦：13549026865，18798922896。对面有一家成都餐馆，味道不错。牦牛由乡政府统一安排，但向导要自己找。绝大部分牦牛工不懂汉语，沟通起来非常困难。这里推荐三个向导：罗布桑布，13658924597，非常靠谱的向导，带路节凑控制得很好，线路非常熟悉，为人诚实可靠，缺点是只懂几句简单汉语。边巴，18708024910，初中文化，交流无障碍，但有点滑头，比较懒散。需要经常敲打，做翻译很好。扎西，18708092653，现在西藏大学读书，平时不能带队，但交际能力强，他哥哥是个不错的牦牛工，可以帮忙联系曲当乡的向导、牦牛工和进出卡车等。这三个向导应该都是朋友或亲戚关系。找到其中一位就可以找到其它两位，重点推荐罗布桑布，被深夜在线福利视频队员广泛认可。如果不想包车去曲当乡，可以先坐车到定日县，再坐卡车到曲当乡，每人200元，可让当地向导帮忙联系。据说这样可以逃掉去珠峰的门票。行前准备，可参考深夜在线福利视频的讨论帖：2011年“十一”西藏“四大名沟”徒步计划书https//www.doyouhike.net/group/20158/1/532199,0,0,1.html#post17 深夜在线福利视频的五星级营地：珠峰东坡晓乌错营地希夏邦玛南坡营地亚东多庆措营地 嘎玛沟汤湘观景台，同时看见三座8000米雪山：马卡鲁、洛子峰、珠峰。珠峰北坡大本营。希夏邦玛南坡营地：深夜在线福利视频最喜欢的倒影：吉隆沟晓乌错多庆措全家福：深夜在线福利视频走在喜马拉雅：云端漫步：美丽的晓乌错，第一次看见远处的马卡鲁。嘎玛沟，被认为只世界上最美的山谷，因为有三座8000米雪山在它的上段，它们就是珠穆朗玛（第一）、洛子峰（第四）和马卡鲁（第五）。马叉无处不在 躺在帐篷中就可以看见雪山：通往珠峰东坡大本营的路：多庆措和卓木拉日： 一、吉隆沟，在郁闷中开始，在完美中收官 如今的西藏，大概已经没有了空白。包括神秘的墨脱、古格以及藏北无人区，都已经变得不再那么神秘。唯独吉隆，似乎还鲜为人知。 吉隆，或许就是西藏最后的秘境。 吉隆，藏语“舒适村”、“欢乐村”之意。吉隆之得名，传说是公元8世纪后期，赤松德赞从印度迎请莲花生大师入藏时，大师一行途经吉隆沟（今吉隆镇一带），曾在此住了一宿。大师见此地山清水秀，风景明媚，不胜感概，又见溪谷中的河水洁白如乳，溪底的卵石光润如玉，更是赞叹不已。于是，在翌日临行之前，欣然命名此地为“吉隆”，以表达其无限赞誉之情，“吉隆”之称谓遂流传至今。 吉隆位于珠峰自然保护区的最西端，由于横贯东西的喜马拉雅山脉阻挡了印度洋暖湿气流的北进，使得山脊两侧的气候截然不同，呈现出南北两大气候类型。东北部有8012米的希夏邦玛峰和著名的佩枯湖，南部则分布有原始森林。吉隆藏布江顺着蜿蜒的山谷向南飞泻，两侧山峰林立，气势巍峨，层峦叠翠的山谷里生长着种类繁多的森林植物，一些稀有树种如长叶松、长叶云杉、红豆杉等也随处可见，山顶则是终年积雪，气度不凡，所谓“一山有四季，十里不同天”便是这儿真实的写照。 去吉隆沟的过程并不顺利，可谓一波三折，柳暗花明。前三天的天气都不好，从拉萨到吉隆沟，深夜在线福利视频要翻过三个海拔5000多米的垭口，好几名队员都出现了不同程度的高原反应。而深夜在线福利视频期待的风景却迟迟没有出现，三座8000米的雪山都藏而不见。吉隆沟徒步的那一天更是阴雨朦胧，连雪山的影子都没见着，我甚至怀疑之前的信息出了问。 这次去吉隆沟与一张雪山倒影的照片有关，红草地、大石头、两座雪山在静静的湖水中映出清晰的倒影，仿佛世外桃源一般。在吉隆镇的大街上，我问过很多人，但没有一个人能告诉我在哪里可以看到雪山的倒影，真让我这个倒影控抓狂。 但我们并没有放弃，在雨中坚持徒步上山，因为宾馆的老板告诉深夜在线福利视频山上有两个美丽的村庄，还可以看见一排的雪山。为了躲雨，我们冒失地闯进了山上的一户藏民家，没想到刚好是村长家。在那里，深夜在线福利视频度过两个小时的欢乐时光。虽然语言不通，深夜在线福利视频与藏民一家相处融洽，因为双方都充满着好奇，深夜在线福利视频都感觉对方似乎是来自另一个世界。 下山的时候无意间发现了那个拍摄雪山倒影的地方，真是踏遍铁鞋无觅处，得来全不费功夫，别提我们有多高兴了。就在深夜在线福利视频即将离开吉隆沟的那一天，雨过天晴，柳暗花明，美景如期而至。深夜在线福利视频看到了最美的吉隆沟，四周的雪山依次打开，深夜在线福利视频等来了日照金山，深夜在线福利视频如愿以偿地拍到雪山的倒影。在回程的路上，深夜在线福利视频还看见了雄伟的希夏邦玛和美丽的佩枯错。 吉隆沟，就这样在郁闷中开始，在完美中收官。 D1：9月23日，深圳——重庆——拉萨1、背着40公斤行李出门早上四点多一点就醒了，也不敢再睡，怕睡过头了。一边看电视一边等天亮。昨天晚上打包很辛苦，搞到23：30，这次要带的东西实在是太多了，最后的结果是：85升大包22公斤，摄影包（包括上网本）12公斤，一个装食品的手提袋6公斤，一共40公斤。还要帮大玉带一个摄影包到机场。615在楼下与游民会合，645到达机场，小麦子和星子已经先到了。本想着她们女孩子东西少，一起托运可以占点便宜，没想到她们的大包都是19公斤多，据说她们没有在家称过，全凭感觉，真厉害！我只好赶紧为大包减负，拿出三脚架和几块电池，和游民一起托运，两个人40.02公斤，每个人都是20公斤左右，已经精确到小数点后两位数了，都是给航空公司逼的。为了检验这次徒步的减肥效果，特地把自己也称了下，78公斤，希望回来之后能在73公斤之下，哈哈，旅行和减肥，一举两得。2、一大堆电池蒙混过关过安检的时候很担心电池的问。因为前段深圳大运期间，机场查得很严，好像每个人只能带两块电池登机，而且电池是不能托运的。我这次带的电池实在太多：D700相机5块，摄像机2块，对讲机2块，还有为GPS准备的移动电源（相当于一块大的锂电池）。我把这些电池分放在我的摄影包、手提袋和摄影背心口袋中，以防万一。还好，这次安检对电池查得不严，让我把20公斤的装备轻松背上了飞机。8点登机，830起飞，1030就到重庆了。实在是有点困，一上飞机就睡着了。深夜在线福利视频这次算是联程机票，虽然要在重庆换机，但都是南航的，只需在深圳办理一次行李托运就OK了，在重庆也不用出候机楼，1230又开始登机，1500就到拉萨贡嘎机场了。3、又见雪山飞机快到拉萨的时候，机舱内的人群就开始沸腾，我知道，可以看见雪山了。虽然是第五次来西藏，但看到雪山，依然有些兴奋，也拿出相机拍了几张。4、风马飞扬客栈集结机场大巴25元坐到终点（布达拉宫附近），再打的15元到亚宾馆，我们住的风马飞扬客栈就在附近，但的士开不进去，而深夜在线福利视频三人的东西都很多，就打电话给先到的有足道，让他叫几个队员来帮忙拿一下。最后只有有足道和客栈的一个小伙子来了。后来才知道，有好几个人都有轻微的高反，在客栈睡觉，有足道也打了三天的吊针，真不好意思，给有足道添麻烦了。到了客栈，先了解下队员的状况，到各个房间串门，接下来就是联系深夜在线福利视频的包车司机平措师傅和深夜在线福利视频珠峰东坡徒步的向导扎西，约好晚上七点一起吃饭，讨论这次旅行的细节问。可以说，他们都是深夜在线福利视频这次旅行的关键人物。平措和米玛，各开一辆全顺面包车，要跟我们16人21天，深夜在线福利视频徒步的时候，他们也在原地等待，这样就没有后顾之忧了。国庆节期间的包车还是很紧张的。而扎西则是深夜在线福利视频这次活动的重头戏珠峰东坡徒步的向导，直接关系到这次徒步的成功与否。深夜在线福利视频边吃边聊，气氛不错，他们都是很好相处之人，先前的一些担忧大多得到解决。最担心的是一辆全顺面包车能否坐下8个人，因为深夜在线福利视频的行李实在是太多了。看到车子之后，这个顾虑基本没了，因为两辆车都在车顶安装了行李架，而车子里面还多出两个空位。5、山上吃什么是个大问 吃完饭去逛超市，主要想补充点吃的，一看价吓我一跳，手撕牦牛肉118元一斤，真***贵！好在水果还算便宜，6个小苹果5—12元不等，那就多吃水果少吃肉吧。回到客栈，开始重新打包，把暂时不用的放进大包，把可能用到的东西放在外面方便提取的地方。看到老虎在收拾行李，床上堆满吃的东西，看上去有点恐怖。为洗不洗澡纠结了很久，最后还是决定不洗。一是刚到高原，不能太折腾；二是今天搬运行李消耗不少体力了；三是洗澡容易着凉引发感冒。大约23点，疲惫的队员们逐渐入睡，而我则是最后一个入睡的人。费用明细：早上打的去机场60元；拉萨机场大巴25元；打的去客栈5元（三人15元）；晚餐33元；超市购物200元；住宿50元（7人间）合计373元。D2：9月24日，拉萨——日喀则——拉孜——老定日6、拉萨出发早上四点不到就醒了，尿急、鼻塞。在空气稀薄的拉萨鼻子不通气是很难受的，赶紧下一楼的洗手间去清理鼻子，因为住的七人间，在房间弄怕影响队友休息。回到房间，赶紧吃感冒药和鼻炎通窍片。躺在床上怎么也睡不着，干脆想一想还有什么东西遗漏的，因为明天离开拉萨后买东西就更不方便的。发现真的少了一些东西：唇膏和开瑞坦（治疗过敏性鼻炎的药），还有卷纸，这些都是我每天都要用到的。智者千虑必有一失，没想到我带了80多斤的装备，还是把它们漏掉了。熬到5点，我实在是无聊，就打开笔记本发微博，还在新浪博客上写了一篇博客。6点钟，大家陆续起床了，其实很多人跟我一样没有睡好，只是没有像我这样折腾而已。洗漱、装开水、打包。7点钟，车子已经开到亚宾馆了。深夜在线福利视频搬运完行李就在附近的口味香川菜馆早餐，这里的早餐还不错，有稀饭、包子、豆浆、油条等，前一天晚上我已经跟老板打过招呼了。把这么多行李装上车既是力气活也是技术活，最后的结果让大家都很满意，8个人坐在车里面还比较宽敞。7：40离开亚宾馆，深夜在线福利视频的西藏“四大名沟”徒步正式开始，出发前拍了一段视频，为队员们将来出境做准备，几名新队员明显有一些兴奋了。拉萨到日喀则限速60公里/小时。深夜在线福利视频走走停停，反正今天不赶路，主要是适应高原，晚上能到达老定日就OK了。沿途有很多水果店，深夜在线福利视频一路买一路吃。给每个司机一条云烟，一听红牛，这个是必需的。毕竟，要想玩得开心，司机是很重要的。13：30到达日喀则，从现在开始，点菜的任务就交给深夜在线福利视频非常称职的生活部长蓝桥了。中午的川菜很丰盛，口味不重，大家都能接受。1415，深夜在线福利视频离开日喀则。7、有人高反了1600到达海拔4500米的措拉垭口，1740到达海拔5150米的嘉措拉垭口，这里算是珠峰大门了吧，上面写着珠峰自然保护区欢迎你。天气不好，风很大，看不到远处的雪山，我们匆匆离开。下垭口不久，前面的车子突然停下来，担心车子出了故障，赶紧前去打探究竟，原来是阿韦高反吐了。吐了就好，不然憋着更难受。不一会，我们车上的大玉也吐了。阿韦和大玉都是多次参加高原徒步的老驴了，但依然会有高反，这很正常，这也是深夜在线福利视频为什么第一站选择海拔2800米的吉隆沟的原因了，让队员有足够的时间来适应高原。1900到达白坝村，新定日县城就在右手边不远，但深夜在线福利视频继续朝着樟木的方向直走。1920经过这次旅行的第一个检查站——定日县鲁鲁边防检查站。有点担心几名队员的边防证过不了关，还好一切顺利。8、老定日凑合一夜2010，深夜在线福利视频终于到达今天的目的地——老定日（岗嘎镇），此时太阳刚刚下山。这里的海拔4340米。平措师傅带深夜在线福利视频到他熟悉的拉萨饭店，藏民开的，条件很差，两人间开价80元，被我还到70元，再免掉司机住宿费。说是两人间，其实很小，就能放两张床，没有洗手间。因为天色已晚，又是司机带去的，就勉强接受吧，反正睡几个小时就走。司机想让我们吃拉萨饭店的藏餐，这个深夜在线福利视频没有答应，毕竟深夜在线福利视频都不是藏民，大部分人还是吃不习惯的，吃不好，后面的徒步就没有体力。跟司机的关系要掌握一个平衡点，小的事情可以迁就一下他们，但大的原则性问就要坚持己见了。深夜在线福利视频找到附近一家川菜馆吃饭，在西藏，80%以上都是川菜馆，如果你不适应，那是比较麻烦的。点菜的时候，我特地叮嘱蓝桥，尽量清淡点，搞几个没有辣椒的菜，照顾一下几名不吃辣椒的队员。星子带了一个血氧浓度测量计，虽然不是很准确，但还是能大概测出每个人当时的心跳频率和血氧浓度的。从此，这个小仪器就成了深夜在线福利视频每天吃饭时的娱乐项目了。队员们都拿这些指来炫耀自己的身体有多好，一般情况，心跳100以下，血氧浓度80以上，身体状况就是比较好的了。小白不知道从哪里听说在高原喝酥油茶可以抗高反，就花10元钱买了房东藏民家一壶酥油茶，见人就推销。我刚喝一口就发现不对，怎么有一个硬硬的东西在嘴里，吐出来一看，是一个白色的小块。小白忽悠我是没有融化的奶酪，后来发现是碗的碎片，真倒霉，哪有这么巧的，一口喝下去，就刚好喝到碗的缺口了！最大的遗憾是这里没有联通的3G信号，无法上网，枉我千里迢迢把笔记本带到这里，回去要投诉联通了，让俺买了个摆设。既然如此，那就收拾好行李，早点睡吧。今天的天气不怎么好，没有什么特别吸引人的风景，我的相机始终没有拿出来过。D3：9月25日，老定日（岗嘎镇）——希夏邦玛——吉隆县——吉隆镇9、微博控们在行动又是四点不到就醒了，感觉比昨天晚上稍好点，鼻子至少还是通气的。但头有点微痛，还咳嗽，这些都是轻微高反的症状，估计白天就会好的。赶紧把窗户打开，让外面的空气多一点流进来。上不上厕所纠结了一会，实在憋不到天亮，还是早一点解决的好。上面加了一件抓绒，下面加了一件秋裤，把毛线帽子也戴上了。好在厕所就在附近，没有想象的那么冷，看到满天的星星，开始期待今天的珠峰、卓奥友和希夏邦玛了。衣服都穿好了，又没有睡意，但是上不了网，找点什么事情做呢？灵机一动，既然带了电脑，何不用电脑写日记呢？这个想法让我又开始兴奋。好在今天一个人住，不会影响他人，说写就写，那就从今天开始吧，有时间再把前面的补上。7点早餐，天还没亮，西藏的时差比深圳要晚两小时，但队员们基本都到了。早餐是昨天就提前预定好的，每人10元，有稀饭、馒头、包子、咸菜和鸡蛋。昨天晚上，有很多人跟我一样没有睡好，有不同程度的高反症状。此时，那个血氧浓度测量计又成为最受欢迎的东西了。微博控们在抓紧一切时间发微博，游民则扮演狗仔队的角色：810离开老定日，期待传说中的三座8000米雪山同时出现，可惜云层太厚，一个也没有看见。但早上的光线还是偶尔透过云层把某个地方照亮。10、希夏邦玛留下买路钱9点，看到路边一个老外的营地，原来是一群来自荷兰的自行车爱好者，他们已经花了9天时间从拉萨骑到这里，还要继续骑往尼泊尔，真佩服他们。队伍中几个英语好的年轻人小瓦片、老虎、小白不忘前去卖弄一番，问一问你们从哪里来又要到哪里去的。950到达希夏邦玛售票处，这里是去阿里的必经之路，不管你是否旅游，都要每人购买65元的门票，有点过分。与其理论，卖票的说是当地政府规定，美其名曰草原保护费。如果要进入希夏邦玛大本营，还要每人交300元，每辆车300元。司机出面谈判，最后以9人买票成交，队员中三人有假的导游证，等于少买了4张，勉强可以接受吧。进入希夏邦玛风景区，开始看见一些雪山了，但都是它的卫峰，希夏邦玛始终躲在云层之中。很快看见美丽的佩枯错了，这时正好有一群羊从旁边经过，赶紧让师傅停车，开始深夜在线福利视频的马叉时光。11、佩枯错上演公路大片喜欢马叉的队员们已经憋很久了，终于有了这个马叉的机会，怎能轻易的放过，赶紧拍起了她们擅长的公路大片。变换不同姿势和组合，折腾了半个小时还不想走，最后是我多次催促才依依不舍的离开。([]
美女做运动拔萝卜视频
蔡政皓去过许多地方即便最难到达之地，有一些地方我却从未到达譬如我的内心。视频： Somewhere I have never Travelled 拍摄制作：小爱____________________________________________________________________________2013年3月20日我自以为要去哪里，目何处，理由又何在呢？ 很长一段时间我陷在自己制造的冲突里，在梦想和现实中举棋不定纠结不堪。回望自己和朋友们各自的成长轨迹觉得这是乏味人生中不多的有趣事情。起初，我们坐在教室学习，对未来毫无头绪。大学毕业后有了不同的职业，在不同的城市和环境生活，不同的故事发生。有的结婚生子，有的在职场拼命爬到很高位置，有的移民出国定居，毕业六年后大家都很成功，在这个社会获得稳定一隅。 在这群卓越青年中怎么蹦生出了我这个混混？我问自己。 有时觉得自己过的还不错，人们羡慕我，无拘无束，去了他们想去没能去的地方，过他们想过没勇气过的生活，活在他们曾经和现在的梦想里；也得到了不起人物的肯定，觉得自己发展的还不赖。 这部分是虚渺的，骄傲的，坚守梦想的一点底气。 现实些，我没有一丁点存款，没有车没有房子，没有名誉和权利。我一事无成。 总之，深夜在线福利视频的人生开始分叉，各自蜿蜿蜒蜒伸出自己的一条路。 每个人都有梦想，哪些人在坚守兑付？人怎么个活法，它都是活。 我的路通向远离城市的山村、荒原，指向喜马拉雅山脉的方向。我等不及要回到那里，赶在现代文明吞噬它们之前。___________________________________________________________________________________ 躺在床上，我很容易觉得疲倦，于是坐到窗户旁的书桌，透过窗户玻璃我能看到屋外树木的枯枝在风中剧烈地摇晃。这是几棵大树，足有五层楼高，乌黑的枝干在干燥寒冷的空气里裸露了整个冬天，已经没有一片叶子可以落下。前年小区绿化规划时没有把它们纳入改造范围，所以住在四楼的我夏天打开窗户仍可以看到城市不多见的美景，浓绿的树叶层层包裹住树端，成群小鸟停在枝头或躲藏在浓厚的叶丛中，唧唧咋咋成天闲扯。 另一侧北面房间的窗户外原本是一小片杂树林，春天里很多树还会开着一串串雪一样洁白的花朵，有的则是大朵的娇艳的鲜红。现在，那里变成了一个休闲广场，我再也不喜欢留在北面房间了，以前的树木全不见了，换上了几株名贵的树稀稀拉拉安置在广场四个角上，还有一些修剪成圆的方的长刺的低矮灌从，小狗们都喜欢抬腿在那下面撒尿拉屎，小区的老人小孩一吃过晚饭也来这里遛弯嬉闹。 我开始回想这次旅途。______________________________________________________________________行程：泰国—柬埔寨—泰国2.16 重庆江北国际机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券780元特价机票） — 飞抵曼谷2.17 曼谷廊曼机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券180元特价机票） — 清迈机场2.17—2.21 曼谷清迈（泰柬过境） 2.21 清迈 — NCA公司夜间巴士（极舒适，高性价，推荐）— 曼谷 — 2.22曼谷Moh Chit 汽车站国营巴士（不推荐私营巴士）— 泰柬边境城市波贝 — 办理返，出境（若需从柬埔寨再次返回泰国，必须办理）— 入境（柬埔寨）— 出租车至暹粒2.22 — 2.28 暹粒（原计划26日离开暹粒，因来到ACODO孤儿院，推后行程2天）2.28 暹粒— 巴士（旅游代理处购买，从旅社接人，过境中转，直至送至岛上，推荐，注意此行程需耗时一天） — 泰国象岛3.1 — 3.6 泰国象岛3.6 象岛 — 巴士（旅游代理）— 曼谷3.7 曼谷廊漫机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券580元特价票）— 西安咸阳国际机场（机票购买、证申请、具体行程及住宿出行安排费用等在相应文章楼层上陆续奉上）______________________________________________________________________本帖导引：＊ ［ 视频 ］Somewhere I have never Travelled 3月20日 我自以为要去哪里，目何处，理由又何在呢？ “我的路通向远离城市的山村、荒原，指向喜马拉雅山脉的方向。” 2月19日 我不可能长居清迈 2月20日 低调的名人YB和他的清迈 “其实我一直想象着像阿甘那样跑着跑着，突然他不想跑了，没有理由。” 第1页https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-1-1.html＊ 2月22日 暹粒城ACODO孤儿院 （Assisting Cambodian Orphans and the Disabled Organization） 2月23日 我好想给她一点新的东西——一个新的人生？ ［ 视频 ］ -_-# 淘气的小绵羊们第2页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-2-1.html＊ ACODO 续 “当我来到基金会，我仿佛重生。以前我是一朵没人管的花朵，看不到太阳，没人在意。 现在这朵花移植到一个有人照料的地方，可以感受到微风，可以看到太阳。” ［ 视频 ］ ACODO孩子们一次快乐的晚餐（制作中） 第5页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-5-1.html＊ 2月24日 噢，AnjaAnja! “求生和怕死的本能使深夜在线福利视频感受不到身、心、自然合而为一的无言净境是多么幸福， 说也奇怪，深夜在线福利视频竟以为理当如此。” ［拍摄］ 吴哥古庙群拍摄集锦 第6页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-6-1.html＊ 2月26日 嘿，猴子 “深夜在线福利视频只是上进了的猴子，而不是下凡的天使。” 2月28日 1989年登顶珠穆朗玛峰的 David 老师 “神秘的追寻具有致命的魔力” 第16页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-16-1.html＊ 3月1日 泰国象岛（Koh Chang） “清晨暖黄的阳光投射进来，照亮了猩红的木地板，我打赤脚在上面走来走去。” 3月2日 我“憎恨”自由职业 “如果天气好我就坐在马桶上不起来，夜里还能看到满天繁星。”第38页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-38-1.html＊ 3月3日 在海底，我遇见最美的色彩和心情 “这一刻我产生了类似爱情的幻觉， 此情此景符合了我对爱情最初最美好愿望的所有元素，美丽、纯真、信任、相伴相随。” “现在，我要的爱情简单许多，但并不容易。他并不接纳我的全部，当我精神低迷 陷入幻觉，发疯般歇斯底里挣扎时，他逃的远远的，我学会永远不去指望他给我 支持的力量走出困境。” 3月4日 中国厨娘 “每道料理一装好盘，我就马上拍了图片发给爸爸妈妈看，有点扬眉吐气那种感觉。” 3月5日——3月7日［图文编辑中］ 第39页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-39-1.html__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2月16日 重庆江北国际机场登机，我依旧坐在最后一排靠窗的位置，丛背包里取出爸爸妈妈清晨起床为我准备的便当，已经过了四五个小时它们竟然还是热乎乎的。爸爸妈妈是很传统的中国父母，希望我结婚生子，保持一份稳定的工作。我既不想结婚，现在这份稳定体面的工作马上也会结束。我向往绝对无束缚的生活，其中包括暂时离开父母，这让他们伤心难过也为我操心。深夜在线福利视频之间产生了许多冲突和争吵。在中国“女子当相夫教子”、“孝为大”这些根深蒂固传统观念下做这份决定是极自私的，让我心绪不宁良心不安。 “自由职业”听着就太漂泊，但我并不是莽莽撞撞做这样决定的，未来的生活或许会很不如愿，但就算有机会回头我也不要。所以往前走的决定我自己负责，后果我全心全意接受。我现在就这么写，希望话说出来，我会勇气大增。无论如何主意已定，这几个月我开始努力尝试让父母了解并接纳我的生活方式，情况也逐渐向好的方向发展。 经济宽裕后，我更喜欢选择飞行的方式旅行。飞机迅疾上升，可以带我更快远离陈旧腐烂的环境，我的恐惧和悲伤，我的敌人和同仁，他们都留在了地面上。 飞行两个小时后，舷窗外的天空从湛蓝变的灰蒙蒙，机上广播说深夜在线福利视频已经到达泰国首都曼谷市上空。飞机开始下降，冲透空气中最污浊的那一片后，地面开始隐约出现鳞次栉比的建筑，看上去和这个世界的其它城市很相似。现在这些城市不只布局相似，待在里面的人们他们的生活方式也越来越相似了。地面偶尔会出现一栋接一栋绿树环绕的金色寺庙。这时是冬天，在这个国家却依然有这么多葱翠的绿树，我居住的城市从空中俯瞰只有一整片死亡的灰色。寺庙的金顶在阳光下闪闪发亮，特别耀人眼。_____________________________________________________________________当我终于鼓起勇气迎面人生里汹涌而来的大浪，生命却转瞬为我展示它最灿烂可爱的一面。 拍摄：泰国象岛日落—————————————————————————————————————————————————新浪微博：@小爱-我在旅途中8264铿锵玫瑰栏目：第一期——我爱爸爸妈妈 访问链接：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1234510-1-1.html其它图文纪录：中东 . 以色列：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1229470-1-1.html西藏 . 阿里：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-844544-1-1.html西藏 . 川西：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-424848-1-1.html———————————————————————————————————————————— 2月17日 在曼谷并没有多停留，我讨厌大城市，今早起床后直接飞往清迈。_____________________________________________________拍摄：吴哥寺______________________________________________________________________________________关于泰国和柬埔寨证申请：泰国旅游证：自己申请泰国证与旅行社代办的区别？1.费用不同申请人自己到使馆申请泰国证费用为RMB230元证费+RMB10元银行手续费合计为RMB240元。2.所需资料不同由旅行社代办泰国证护照+1张2寸白底照片即可，自己到使馆申请泰国证需护照+身份证+在职证明+机票订单+存款证明+照片。 3.a.坐在家里就可以申请证小爱懒人一枚，加上自己去使馆送并不方便，所以通过网上下单，（小爱此次通过“爱旅行网”办理证，大家所在城市的有国际业务的旅行社应该都可以代办，也可以在淘宝搜索可靠的证代理，一定要是可靠的代理喔）证代理公司全套代办泰国证，无需亲自前往使馆申请，免去了至少2次赴使馆的奔波之苦，坐在家里即可轻松申请泰国证。b.自己准备材料赴本辖区的泰国使馆申请证柬埔寨旅游证：1.电子啊电子，无与伦比的方便，提过网络提交证申请表格并支付证费用（25美金），二个工作日后我收到电子证email,下载打印出来即可。好方便啊，都这样吧柬埔寨电子申请地址：https//www.mfaic.gov.kh/evisa/?lang=ChiS2.落地，如果您是白本护照建议先申请证而不是落地，因为白本护照中国的海关可能不放你出去喔：）_________________________________________________________________________关于亚洲航空廉价机票预订：亚洲航空是深夜在线福利视频熟悉的廉价航空公司，购买亚洲航空公司机票提早规划，提早订票，通常情况下提前半年预订您一定能买到非常合适的机票；关注亚洲航空微博 @亚航之家，任何亚洲航空的优惠活动和特价票的发放都会提前在微博播报) ；小爱因是临时决定的泰国行程，仅提前一个月购买机票，但价格仍旧还不错：）亚洲航空公司（AirAisa）官方网站：https//www.airASIa.com/cn/zh/home.page______________________________________________________________________________________ 2月17日清迈周日夜市的阵雨 傍晚时分，忽然刮起大风，风越来越大，刮落的树叶瞬即又随风上扬，翻转滚动着飞舞很远。夜市上的小贩们慌忙收摊或找来塑料薄膜赶紧盖在售卖的物品上，原本往一个方向走的人流中开始有人掉头转身往不同方向前进，原本拥挤但还算有秩序的道路因此变得熙攘。没过一会儿豆大的雨点砸落下来，一场阵雨来临。____________________________________________________________面对大海，我可以获得一份内心的平静。拍摄： 泰国象岛 日落前夕______________________________________________________________________________________清迈：周日夜市（Sunday Market）安排清迈的行程前一定看看日历，每个周日在塔佩门都有很棒的夜市，一公里长的主道布满了摊点，可以购买很多特色小玩意儿，非常多的美食、街头乐队，好玩的事物目不暇接，即便暴雨也浇不灭深夜在线福利视频逛街的热情哈哈)住宿（Hostel）FWD House Hostel Booking 的预订页面https//www.booking.com/hotel/th/forward-house-hostel.zh.html清迈旅社很多，walk in 也是可以的，但如果想要入住心仪的客栈，尤其是旺季，请至少提前二个月预订另，泰国入室内都是需要脱掉鞋子的，深夜在线福利视频应尊重泰国的当地礼仪，也为中国塑造良好的旅行者形象：）货币兑换（Exchange）推荐“Super Rich”兑换店，在曼谷和清迈都有，汇率通常比别家实在)交通推荐皮卡改装的双条车，红色车无固定路线，招手停，告诉司机你要去哪个地方，并在地图上识给司机看，确认价格，上车。起步20铢／人，也可以包车，小爱有遇到乱要价的司机，所以如果大家对价格不确定可以事先在客栈前台咨询下，做到心里有数) 2月18日 清迈无论何时都是一副慵懒清闲的神态，我喜欢它黄昏时的街景，那时我蹲在某个狭窄街道，眼前移动的人群、车辆都只是剪影，他们的模样、神态、形状和色彩都有些模糊，街灯和车灯是一簇簇闪亮的星光。黑暗逐渐降临，街道两侧的建筑物黢黑的轮廓在深蓝的天空背景下更加清晰，远方云层低垂，灰色上面点缀了橘红。这看上去像是一幅油画。________________________________________________看见这个场景，我听见内心对自己说 “看，这就是旅行的意义。”拍摄：泰国象岛日落______________________________________________________________________________________清迈活动：城区：＊租赁一辆自行车或助力摩托车，通常以一天计费。这样的方式穿行在清迈的大街小巷，你会觉得自己更象当地人，而不是旅行者。泰国的行驶方向与国内相反，靠左行驶，一定注意安全喔：）＊SPA，街边的小时按摩很local也很便宜。小爱建议无需迷信网络推荐“女子监狱”按摩，按摩技术并无特别，和那里的按摩师交流中，她们也很迷惑为什么去的几乎全是中国人，络绎不绝，她们甚至没有时间休息。＊美食，每晚6点后出摊的清迈门夜市，满是当地美食小摊，超美味，极推荐城外：ATV (All Terrain Vehicle即全路况四轮越野摩托车)，很容易驾驶，又令人兴奋刺激，推荐漂流，也还不错喔参考旅游公司网站：https//www.chiangmaiadventure.co.thhttps//www.thepeakadventure.com (小爱选择的成人深夜福利视频商，ATV价格更合适)______________________________________________________________________________________ 2月19日 我不可能长居清迈 或许有人听了要不开心了。我是不适合在清迈长住的人，才待了两天就已经觉得腻烦，我着急报名了漂流和山地越野这些刺激的户外玩意儿，预算之外多花了一大笔钱让自己有事可做。我愈发后悔自己决定成行这次休闲之旅，太乏味了，这让我更想念西藏阿里的高山和茫茫雪原，这处贫瘠安静的所在有太多东西叫我着迷。 我形容清迈就像一瓶依云矿泉水。精致好品位又怎样，对我而言它就是平淡乏味的白开水。尽管如此，许多旅行归来写出诱人故事的人们并没有骗你们，清迈的生活确实有她滋味的一面，她有很多精心妆点的漂亮庭院，庭院里有开满花的漂亮植物和可爱的陶瓷装饰品；本地夜市有便宜而且美味的食物，这里的各种水果沙冰饮品和芒果糯米甜点真是美味，我深深爱上它们。只是这些珍宝都混杂在一大堆让我感觉无趣乏味的城市影像中。 通常我会去一个城市的博物馆或艺术馆，城市文化方方面面的精华都在那里。___________________________________________________________________突突车司机清晨未如约出现，再赶到吴哥窟时，太阳已经升起，但看到这样的景致仍旧欢喜：）拍摄：吴哥窟日出 2月20日低调的名人YB和他的清迈 旅行中我们总会认识几个新朋友。YB是中国人，工作六年后辞职来清迈定居下来做一个自由职业者，今天晚上他骑着小摩托载我去见识一个有意思些的清迈。 第一站是清迈门，白日里空旷的广场现在满是桌子凳子人群和小吃摊。YB买来猪肉粥让我试试，粥熬的糯软细腻，搭配有猪肉丸子和姜丝，粥融入了肉的鲜味且一点不腻而且入口极其香滑，这是我吃过最好吃的粥了。离开清迈前一定要再来。我在各个小吃摊前垂涎欲滴徘徊不已，最后买了折合人民币一元钱一串的烤肉，塞了满满一小袋，喝足了五元钱一大杯的芒果沙冰、香蕉沙冰、西瓜沙冰，各种水果沙冰。这里所有食物都让我欲罢不能！ 深夜在线福利视频到了冰河旁一处很有特色的酒吧，bus bar就在冰河铁桥旁，比起沿河其他那些吵闹的酒吧这里安静多了。一辆红色的双层巴士改装成餐厅，布置的很温馨，可以坐下十来个客人。另一辆稍小些的红色巴士改装成了调酒吧。巴士旁是Bus bar很大的露天场地，摆放了二十来套桌椅，每张桌子上都点燃着烛光。有一棵很久远前活到现在的高大古树。YB低头看着脚下的河水向我描述 “水灯节时，这两边河岸会全是红橙橙的烛火，僧人在这样的树下念经，河里尽是纸船载着烛火向下游漂去，数不清的孔明灯载着人们的愿望飞上夜空。非常漂亮！”这简直就是要在我心里种下重返清迈的种子。 YB叫了一瓶啤酒后打开电脑继续写未完成的文章，我取出笔记本开始记下今天的故事。四周是轻柔的爵士乐和坐在附近客人的低喃，空气中携带着水汽和夜晚的清凉。我正无比享受这份舒适和静谧，一位非得要见偶像YB的中国游客跑来闲扯打破了这氛围，真讨厌啊。_________________________________________________《711贩卖店》 黑暗是恐惧的信使。一家711贩卖店独立在浓浓的夜色里，蔓延的黑暗笼罩了除此之外的一切。当夜幕降临时，它是这黑暗里唯一安全的象征，在夜晚比白天更容易对它生出亲近感。 我并不十分讨厌现代文明。拍摄： 泰国象岛 夜间出海归来_________________________________________________ 2月21日 离开清迈 YB来送我去汽车站。我好奇便问他，“你送我离开，会有难过的感觉吗？每一次送走朋友，他们继续向前走，在路上，而你得留在原地？” YB想了想回答，“现在不会了，因为旅行过很长一段时间，想固定下来。” “可是我会。每一次眼睁睁看着朋友们背着行囊出发而我只能留在乏味的生活里，我都难过得要死，我希望离开的那个人，在路上的那个人，永远是我”。______________________________________________________________________________________清迈至曼谷：火车（Train）清迈火车站可以购买全泰国任何站点始发火车票，以及部分岛屿车船联票。提前规划行程又担心到了跟前买不到车票的朋友可在泰国铁路官网https//www.thairailticket.com/esrt/Default.aspx?language=1购买电子票，可提前60天购买，提前3天以上可退票费80％，3天内退50％。巴士（Bus）NAC巴士公司，不用担心在巴士上无法睡好，NAC公司巴士的座椅可调节，设计非常棒，每个位置配有小电视有很多电影、音乐MV可看，还可以玩游戏啊！！客服会给你送来许多饮品和主食零食，真的很棒，最重要的是这趟夜间巴士小爱睡的非常踏实呢。极推荐：）NAC巴士公司的车票暂时无法通过网络直接购买，您可以到了曼谷或清迈后购买或着找旅游代理帮忙提前购买，NAC有45天预购期，这次小爱通过网络找到一位叫“500”的驻清迈华人代理帮忙购票，购买清迈至曼谷的gold舱（按摩座椅）657泰铢，代理费80泰铢／人。大家可通过emailryans.lin@gmail.com 联系500咨询：）______________________________________________________________________________________ ＊契迪龙庙时装秀 . ATV 越野摩托＊ 视频（待添加）拍摄：清迈早市的玫瑰 拍摄：泰国 象岛时光 占楼：）小爱真诚谢谢大家的鼓励：）都不好意思把写好的内容替换在这楼了嘿嘿：P索性把这次旅行中小爱不多的自拍照放在这一楼吧：） ＊ 今天我同Nancy一起借了客栈的自行车骑去ACODO, 大概因为在Siem Reap高壮的欧美背包客多些，客栈的自行车座也配合着调整的很高，我坐上去后只能撑直腿崩直脚掌才好蹬动脚踏板，这让我的短腿觉的郁闷。客栈的自行车破烂的活像从废品收购站买回来的，ACODO在Siem Reap郊区，深夜在线福利视频蹬着这破车丁零哐啷摇摇晃晃了十来分钟来到ACODO大院。孩子们正在教室上课，院子里没什么人。停下车后正准备取锁锁车，Nancy说“不需要，就这样放在这里不会有任何问。”拍摄：ACODO 孤儿院 ＊ACODO ACODO是一家非政府组织，(即NGO, Non-Governmental Non-Political Non-Profit Organization)，管理人介绍，这是一家主要帮助和收养受毒品和艾滋病毒残害的孩子、在非法活动如儿童贩卖和卖淫中受害的孩子、家庭暴力中受虐的孩子、身体有残疾的孩子和没有父母的孩子的机构，主旨是帮助这些孩子脱离恶劣的环境，给他们一个健康安全的生活成长环境和接受教育的机会，使孩子们能够养成正确的社会意识和培养他们可以独立生活的能力技能。 现在有近80个孩子居住在ACODO，这个数字已经超出了机构的负荷，但每天仍不断有新的孩子被送来。 晚些时候深夜在线福利视频回到城里，我花钱在租赁店租了一辆好些的自行车，有个车篮可以放水和食物，交3美元租金使用一天，我让老板把车座调低到舒适的高度，我那短腿可开心了。拍摄：ACODO的孩子 2月23日 我好想给她一点新的东西——一个新的人生？ 这是爱心泛滥时矫情的想法，我自知能为这些孩子们做的事极少，何谈一个新的人生！但即便这样，仍想为他们做点什么。譬如现在这样。 上午在吴哥寺的拍摄计划结束后我回客栈睡了一个午觉，三点多爬起床蹬车去ACODO。Nancy正带着小毛孩们哼唱英文单词“head eyes nose mouth shoulder knees foot, head eyes nose…", 这群小孙悟空中最大的一个也还不到五岁，哪可能集中精神乖乖坐在位置就范，唱着唱着就有爬桌子的、爬柜子的、爬窗户的, 还有抱住老师大腿手舞足蹈的；打架的、吵架的，整个课堂稀里哗啦吵闹的像个集市。两个小男孩互相挤眉弄眼的使眼色，冷不丁就滑下桌子溜出教室玩儿去了，路过身边时还优哉游哉的冲我笑。 拍摄： ACODO的孩子 ［视频：小绵羊们张牙舞爪的课堂］［制作：小爱］ 来ACODO之前我一直很紧张，我不清楚志愿者要具体做些什么，怎样才可以做好 尤其是面对这样一群特别的孩子 ………… 然而才一个小时的相处过后，我的紧张和僵硬全被这群暖融融的淘气小绵羊给融化了你也想成为一名NGO志愿者吗，教授这些孩子知识与能力？准备好了吗？这里或许比你想像中混乱，但却那么美好！___________________________________________________________左！…右！哟，那小屁股撅的喔！…-_-#……（凶狠）你们这是要闹哪样！！Y(^_^)Y 小爱真诚谢谢大家的鼓励，我会更加努力，在实现梦想的路上：）ACODO续 对于观光客而言，暹粒（Siem Reap）是世界文化遗产吴哥古迹所在地，是历史及异国情调的混合体，拥挤的酒吧街和繁忙的夜市，给人充满活力、激奋的印象，容易让人忘记它本身的穷困。但靠近看的更仔细些，很快就会发现光着脚丫、穿着肮脏简陋的衣服、肩上扛着垃圾袋的孩子，数百成千这样的孩子生活在城市的街道和吴哥景区中，仰赖向观光客们销售物品、乞讨零钱和捡拾垃圾过活，希望每一天有所获。 柬埔寨分布着许多公益组织，ACODO这一类组织提供孩子们稳定的居所，有足够的衣服、足够的食物，更重要的是这里的孩子有接受教育的机会，接受教育是他们唯一可以改变自己命运的方式，如果不上学，他们将仍旧贫穷、乞讨、偷窃、被贩卖，可能会变成流氓、妓女或在街头死亡。没有未来。生活困苦，但总有令孩子们高兴的事儿，他们嘻嘻哈哈朝我的方向跑来，奔跑像在跳舞拍摄：吴哥寺捡垃圾的孩子孩子们在满是垃圾的河水中游泳，这总会让人担忧拍摄：生态 孩子 * “当我来到基金会，我仿佛重生。以前我是一朵没人管的花朵，看不到太阳，没人在意。现在这朵花移植到一个有人照料的地方，可以感受到微风，可以看到太阳。”拍摄：ACODO的孩子 能够进入这些NGO组织学习生活的孩子是非常幸运的，他们中大部分人的人生毫无疑问从此改变。而组织外，仍有成千上万的孩子流浪在街头，虚弱暴露在社会的贫穷邋遢和阴暗中，不敢奢望一切能有所改变。 . 视频：ACODO孩子们一次快乐的晚餐制作：小爱（待添加：） ） 2月24日 噢，AnjaAnja! 我决定在暹粒多待几天。这两天就和Anja厮混在一起。 Anja是胖胖的丹麦女生，患有先天性心脏病，深夜在线福利视频在泰柬边境城市波贝办理入境手续时认识。为了吴哥寺的日出，今早深夜在线福利视频五点半就出发了，俩人一直游荡到午后。离开圣剑寺时我察觉Anja似乎不舒服，过了一会儿她就跑到草地上呕吐起来。我吓坏了。 Anja今天竟然没带药丸，她的病情要求她每小时服药，而现在离上一次服药已经过了七个小时。Anja的心脏和身体正在严重超负荷运转。 我紧张急了，催突突车司机赶快带深夜在线福利视频回城。在车上，Anja又呕吐了好几次。 Anja说“我想过正常些的生活，没有这些讨厌的药丸”。我臭她，“别再做这样愚蠢的事情”。这会要了她的命。Anja绝不是安分的心脏病病人，她热爱旅行，带着这颗随时会崩溃的心脏去了许多美丽的地方。明天Anja要乘船去金边，有朋友告诉她这段水路河道两岸的景致美极了，我想和她一起走，但又舍不得ACODO的孩子们。后续： 回国前一天我回到曼谷，在World Center 购物大厦门前撞到一群追星的女孩，鬼哭狼嚎的，我躲开她们上到天桥。 天啊，我竟然看到Anja, 她正饶有兴致的看着桥下那群疯狂的女孩痴痴的笑，我不敢大喊，吓到她可就不好了，于是静悄悄走到她旁边，用屁股轻轻撞了撞她，压低了声音“hey,Anja”。谁知这丫头仍被吓得不轻，厉声尖叫着回头，一看是我，尖叫声就更加悠长高亢了。 我把这归结为缘，我和Anja的缘分。 求生和怕死的本能使深夜在线福利视频感受不到身、心、自然合而为一的无言净境是多么幸福，说也奇怪，深夜在线福利视频竟以为理当如此。未来或许我也会遇到像Anja这样生命中别无选择的困境，那是我会提醒自己，嘿，像Anja一样勇敢坚强。 噢，AnjaAnja!_______________________________________________________________________________下一次我也要让自己在海上如此努力挥桨，迎着汹涌澎湃的风浪，在金色空气中，击退迎面而来得凶恶。拍摄：泰国象岛日落 ＊ 古庙群拍摄集锦 体力好不怕热的朋友，小爱超强烈建议大家在城里租一辆自行车，踩着脚踏车穿行在树林和古庙间的感觉太好了：） 当然也要注意安全，看完日落后回城里天已经黑了，这时从景区回城里的路汽车较多，小心避让：） 有两天我都踩着脚踏车在古庙群里到处逛，虽然有些累，但非常快乐：）—————————————————————————————————————————————————拍摄： 古庙群拍摄集锦 拍摄：古庙群拍摄集锦拍摄：古庙群拍摄集锦 2月26日 猴子 从吴哥寺到巴戎寺的路上有好多猴子，不怕人也不躲。我第一次见到猴子抱着水瓶喝水的样子，这些淘气翻天的家伙捧着矿泉水瓶异常安静乖巧，就连眼神也像婴儿一样天真无邪，很讨人喜欢。 人类总是羞于承认自己和其他动物的同根性，它们是没有理性没有智慧的野蛮兽类，而深夜在线福利视频则有点像是下凡的天使。 深夜在线福利视频只是上进了的猴子，而不是下凡的天使。_________________________________________________________________________ *. 麻麻给我芒果嘛，给我嘛，给我嘛！ *. 喂，你哪来的？嘿，说你呢拿相机的！ ＊. 你说你一天到晚想啥呀？([]
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吴美惠早几年热起来的海岛游到2012年的时候我也跟了一把风年初星星老师就开始约伴,订廉价机票,制定行程,望眼欲穿地足足等待了近八个月后,我们8名来自长沙和郴洲的驴友终于从广州出境,登上了机身花里胡哨的亚航班机,在11月上旬完成了这次为期10天的巴厘岛\新加坡之旅......在巴厘岛上，深夜在线福利视频走山观海、浮潜深潜、看日出日落、骑行乡村田园，在享受阳光、椰风、海韵的同时，将快乐传遍了库塔、罗威那、图兰奔、乌布和蓝梦岛......不知道是因为广州大雨还是别的什么原因,亚航的飞机也晚点了近一个小时,国内航空公司因此可以松口气了经过近四小时的飞行,红眼航班飞临吉隆坡 深夜在线福利视频踏上马来西亚的土地为的是过境中转第一次接触马币 在宽大的机场餐厅里,,我要了杯马来西亚咖啡,吃了3个中国馒头,当然还是从长沙带去本来准备路上吃的......在这里得呆几个小时,因此可以摆摆POSE再次登上亚航的这种每排左右各三个座位,共计31排,座位有点挤,且不设商务舱的空客320--200型班机这是唯一一次空座率在三分之一左右的航班,后面十几排基本没人因为是廉价航班,亚航不提供任何免费的附加成人深夜福利视频要了一小瓶水,收了我7元人民币我们这一路的天气超好,运气也!印度尼西亚是个千岛之国,因此看到的除了大海就尽是海岛浩淼大海中貌似蚂蚁的远洋巨轮蔚蓝的大海给人无限的遐想飞机下降,梦幻巴厘岛到了在巴厘岛的日子里,这种独特的印度尼西亚宗教建筑----我就把它叫做"劈开的塔"吧----随处可见,即便在普通百姓的民居里都是如此 从机场直接打的到库塔,来到深夜在线福利视频先前在网上订好的酒店办理入住手续中......等待的过程中,一杯附送的冰镇果汁就端到了你的面前房间不大,却很干净,这在深夜在线福利视频巴厘岛的每一处落脚点都是如此,给人的印象深刻除了民居每个旅店无一例外都有自己的小游泳池,放下行李,美女们迫不及待地就湿了身连浮潜的工具也提前试用了库塔海滩是观落日的好去处,当然不可错过晚霞灿烂醉人心这里的沙细如泥虽然不够白但踩在上面非常惬意静心坐在海滩上自然是一种上佳的休息方式在这里惟独不缺的肯定是浪漫!([]
国产芒果入口一二三
吴馨白前言西藏深夜在线福利视频准备好了吗？？西藏在深夜在线福利视频心中一直是神秘而又不敢想像的地方。偶尔听到身边朋友或同事去过那里深夜在线福利视频总是怀着崇敬的眼光去小小的向往一下，而自己却从来没有想过几时会去或者用怎么样的方式去接触这片土地。印象中那里是那么的遥远那么的遥不可及。藏地密码带深夜在线福利视频以一种奇幻的方式从一个侧面掀起了他神秘面纱的一角滇藏线的旅行让我间接感觉到深夜在线福利视频可以进行准备了。在新藏线的起点我终于感到西藏我们做好准备了。当日历翻到2014年的1月王狐狸和好奇蛤蟆打开了西藏的地图。越是深入了解越是不能自拔，西藏的一座座山峰一条条山沟一座座寺庙都让深夜在线福利视频无法取舍，引用6世达赖喇嘛仓央嘉措的诗句“压根没见最好，也省得神魂颠倒；原来不熟也好，免得情思萦绕。”2014年王狐狸与好奇蛤蟆将把西藏地图上的地面再次变成深夜在线福利视频相机中的美景。王狐狸/好奇蛤蟆2014年10月西藏尼泊尔精彩mv完成 一样与不一样背起背包、意味着旅程的开始，拿起登山杖、证明旅途的艰辛。挎上相机、预示美景将令人陶醉。一样的季节，不一样的出发日期。一样的出行方式，不一样的目的地。一样的心情迎接，不一样的挑战。2014年9月深夜在线福利视频进藏，希望一样的平安顺利、一样的欢笑不断、一样的终身难忘。 地名占楼更新西藏自治区-བོད་ར'08;་སƎ4;ྱོང་Ɖ9;ྗོངས&53;拉萨市-ལ023;་ས་གƑ8;ོང་ཁƑ7;962;'38;།那曲地区-ན;906;&51;'10;ུ་942;་ཁུལ་班戈县-921;ƈ4;ལ;་མགོན&51;རƑ1;ƌ4;ང851;།尼玛县-ཉི་མ་རྫོང;་།;双湖县-མཚོƁ1;གཉིས་ར011;ོང་།阿里地区-མངའ་རིས&51;ས;་ཁུ;ལ་;措勤县-མཚོ་ཆེ923;851;'38;ྫོང་&53;改则县-Ɗ2;Ǝ6;ེར851;Ɖ8;ྩེ851;རྫོང་853;革吉县-'21;906;ེ་ར;ྒྱས་ར;ྫོང་།噶尔县-སྒརƁ1;ར;ྫོང་Ɓ3;日土县-Ɖ8;ུ་ཐོག་རྫ'64;ང851;།;札达县-ར009;་མདའ851;ར011;ོ;ང་;།普兰县-942;ྤƋ6;་Ɗ3;ྲེ908;་'38;ྫ;ོང་།日喀则地区-གཞƋ4;ས་ཀ་ར009;ེ་;གྲོ;ང་'05;ྱེར;&53;仲巴县-936;བ;ྲོང་པ་;938;ྫོ908;་;།萨嘎县-ས་དགའ་རྫ'64;ང་།吉隆县-Ɗ2;ྐྱིད་ག(18;ོངƁ1;ར011;ོང851;།定日县-921;ིƆ8;་ར'54;851;རྫོང་།定结县-གཏི'08;་སྐྱƌ2;ས་རƑ1;ོང་853;聂拉木县-གཉའ;&51;Ɖ9;མ་938;ྫƌ4;'08;་།尼泊尔联邦民主共和国-स06;घीë1; लोè5;ê0;366;नî1;त्रि325; ग;ण340;344;्त81;रात्350;क 加德满都-काठमाé7;ौं, काठ;350;366;न्337;ु奇特旺国家公园-चि340;वन; र366;359;्ट्रिय; 44;िकुञ्ज蓝毗尼-354;369;म;381;ब367;ê4;ी博卡拉-पोख52;ा过去与现在深夜在线福利视频，曾经，近一年时间着手准备今年的西藏之行；深夜在线福利视频，曾经，近半年观察包车师傅才最终确定；深夜在线福利视频，曾经，西藏会带给深夜在线福利视频更多；深夜在线福利视频，曾经，西藏之行甚于尼泊尔之行；深夜在线福利视频，曾经，高反如此恐惧；深夜在线福利视频，曾经，转山无任何奢望；我们，曾经，西藏是2014年旅行的重中之中；而，现在的深夜在线福利视频已经克服高反、近距离走进双湖、班公错、转山、珠峰大本营的阿里大北线又继续玩转尼泊尔，加德满都、奇卡旺、蓝毗尼、博卡拉、巴德岗、帕坦 王狐狸的全景世界之阿里预告一班戈错预告二双湖普诺岗日冰川 预告三双湖普诺岗日冰川预告四双湖普诺岗日冰川预告五文布北村预告六当惹雍错预告七迷路之羌塘预告八改则之搓板路预告九班公错 预告班公错 预告十一狮泉河 预告十二扎达土林预告十三托林寺预告十四托林景区 预告十五扎达土林预告十六岗仁波齐 预告十七冈仁波齐之止热寺预告十八岗仁波齐之卓玛拉山口预告十九岗仁波齐之卓玛拉山口 预告二十预告二十一雅江源头预告二十二佩枯错 预告二十三珠峰大本营预告二十四喜马拉雅群山尼泊尔预告一丛林探险预告二蓝毗尼([]
金敏京为艺术贡献的电影有哪些
陈玉玲Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evalsuate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([
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李文华如诗如画的校园绿草如茵的校园辛勤苦读的莘莘学子 南洋理工大学，英文NanyangTechnological University，缩写为NTU，简称“南大”。 南大是新加坡的一所公立研究型大学。此大学的主要校园，也被称为“云南园”，位于新加坡的西南部。南大是一所享誉国际，位列全球大学50强的高等教育学府，是国际商学院联合会AACSB International认证的大学，为全球科技大学联盟成员和创始校。 南大是1991年在原南洋大学校址“云南园”上建立的，它前身是1981年成立的南洋理工学院，更早的历史可追溯到1955年由东南亚民间发动筹款运动而创办起来的南洋大学。 1991年，南洋理工学院进行重组，正式将国立教育学院纳入旗下，更名为南洋理工大学。它是全世界最出色的工程学府之一，在纳米材料、生物材料、功能性陶瓷和高分子材料等许多领域的研究上享有盛誉。 南大设有工、理、商、文四大学院，下设12所学院，并拥有国立教育学院及拉惹勒南国际研究院两个自主机构，为超过20000名本科生及8700名研究生学员提供国际一流的高品质全球教育，吸引着来自区域内及世界各地的众多精英学者。来自40多个国家的2500名优秀教职及科研人员，形成雄厚的师资力量，其丰富多元的教学及研究经验，为南大提供了广阔的国际视野和发展前景。 2014年 QS 世界大学排名位于41，其中传播媒体领域排名第6，材料工程领域排名第8，电机工程领域排名第10。2013年 QS 世界大学排名位于41，其中土木工程领域排名第8，传播媒体领域排名第11，机械工程领域排名第11。 南大以其郁葱的景色及波形的地形而闻名，离市中心25千米。校园被誉为世界最美丽的大学校园之一，它为教授提供自由教学和研究的最好环境。 漫步在南大如诗如画的校园，你仿佛置身优美的花园之中。请跟随我的镜头到南大参观一番，感受一下南洋风情的高等学府。 此贴是感受新加坡系列帖子的收尾之作，谢谢观赏。 同时3月29日也是新加坡人送别该国国父、建国总理李光耀的日子，民众冒雨送别。李光耀先生是新加坡共和国的缔造者，也是广受国际社会尊重的政治家和战略家。他还是中国人民老朋友，是中新关系的开拓者。感受新加坡之一——漫步岛国看狮城 干净清新亦繁华（概述篇） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2172957-1-1.html感受新加坡之二——休闲小岛走不停 亚洲最南寻风情（圣淘沙篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2182169&page=1&extra=#pid50347652感受新加坡之三——参天巨树生满园热带风情绿无限（植物园篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2231866&page=1&extra=#pid53500784感受新加坡之四——绿意充盈总统府世外桃源乌敏岛（总统府和乌敏岛篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2253589&page=1&extra=#pid55203314感受新加坡之五——海风轻拂鱼尾狮 流光溢彩夜迟迟（滨海湾篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2255988-1-1.html感受新加坡之六——狮城国花胡姬花千姿百态芬芳开（胡姬花篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2299743&page=1&extra=#pid58352540感受新加坡之七——小印度里寻缩影甘榜格南回族情（新加坡河等篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2322447-1-1.html感受新加坡之八——立体交通路纵横街道小区绿充盈（交通和街道篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2326625-1-1.html 感受新加坡之九——狮城春节气息浓牛车水里最喜庆（春节和牛车水篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2330106-1-1.html 感受新加坡之十——方式灵活有初院 环境优美好校园（南初篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2344728-1-1.html 南大门厅之一 校园外的公交站 讲学厅之一 校园内风光 南大风光 南大走廊 南大课堂 学术交流 绿草萋萋的校园 新加坡分布图 美丽的校舍 南大风光 南国风情的校园 校内体育场 学校公交站 宁静的校园 绿色的校园 课堂上 学习中 南大校内快餐店 丰盛的食品 各种名吃荟萃的校内食堂 绿色充盈的校园 校园内的热带植物 校园内的椰子树 优美的走廊 校内的潺潺流水 绿色校园 校内走廊([]
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